Kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, ukwenziwa kwamayeza kunye nokulungiswa kwemizi-mveliso ngokubanzi, kukho into yekhemikhali engabonakaliyo kodwa enokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi - i-dichloromethane. Lulwelo olucacileyo, olucacileyo olungenavumba elibi kwaye luhlala luthathwa njengesinyibilikisi esikhuselekileyo, kodwa lugcina iingozi zokhuseleko ezifihlakeleyo. Eyaziwa ngokuba "sisinyibilikisi semizi-mveliso esiqhelekileyo", i-dichloromethane isetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini amaninzi, ngelixa uninzi lwabantu lungazi nto ingako malunga neempawu zayo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye neengozi ezinokubakho. Eli nqaku libonelela ngengcaciso epheleleyo ngale khemikhali iqhelekileyo yemizi-mveliso.
I-Dichloromethane, enefomula yemolekyuli i-CH₂Cl₂ kwaye eyaziwa ngokuba yi-methylene chloride, yikhompawundi yendalo ene-halogenated. Kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, lulwelo olungenambala nolucacileyo olunevumba elibi elifana ne-ether. Inendawo yokubila ephantsi engama-39.8℃ kuphela, nto leyo eyenza ukuba iguquguquke kakhulu. Inyibilika kancinci emanzini, ixutywa nezinye izinyibilikisi zendalo ezifana ne-ethanol kunye ne-ether. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izinyibilikisi zendalo, i-dichloromethane ayitshisi kwaye inomda omncinci wokuqhuma, ikhuselekile kakhulu kunezinye izinyibilikisi ezitshayo ezifana ne-ether kunye ne-petroleum ether. Esi sesona sizathu sokuba ithathe indawo yezinyibilikisi ezitshayo kwiindawo ezininzi. Okwangoku, ineempawu zeekhemikhali ezizinzileyo kwaye ayiboli kakhulu kubushushu begumbi. Isabela kuphela xa ibonakaliswa kukukhanya, kubushushu obuphezulu okanye idibana neentsimbi ze-alkali, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiimfuno zokugcina nokusetyenziswa okulula.
Ixhamla kumandla ayo abalaseleyo okunyibilikisa kunye neempawu zayo zomzimba nezekhemikhali ezizinzileyo, i-dichloromethane ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Kwishishini lezemithi, isebenza njengesinyibilikisi esiphambili sokukhupha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, iivithamini kunye namanye amayeza, anokwahlula ngokuchanekileyo aze acoce izithako ezisebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ubunyulu bezemithi. Kwishishini lezekhemikhali nezinto, isetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyibilikiseni nasekucubunguleni iiresini, iiplastiki kunye neerabha, kwaye isebenza njengearhente yokukhupha igwebu kwi-polyurethane foam, ixhasa ukuveliswa kwezinto zokuthintela ubushushu ezikhaphukhaphu. Ukongeza, isebenza njengearhente yokucoca kwishishini lezeelektroniki ukususa ngokufanelekileyo amabala eoyile kunye nokungcola kwizinto ze-elektroniki ezichanekileyo. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, inokufumaneka kwii-removers zepeyinti, ii-aerosol sprays kunye nee-leather cleaners, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinto esisiseko ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso.
Nangona isetyenziswa kakhulu, i-dichloromethane ayinabungozi konke konke, kwaye iingozi zayo zempilo azinakubethwa ngoyaba. Inemiphumo engephi yokuthomalalisa iintlungu kunye nokucaphukisa, kwaye umzimba womntu uchaphazeleka kakhulu yiyo ngokuphefumla nokuphefumla kunye nokunxibelelana nolusu. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kumanqanaba aphantsi kunokubangela iintloko ezibuhlungu, isiyezi, ukudinwa, isicaphucaphu kunye nezinye iingxaki, ukucaphukisa amehlo, iimpumlo kunye neempumlo zokuphefumla, kwaye kukhokelela kumqala owomileyo nobuhlungu, ukukhohlela kunye nolusu oluqhekekayo. Ukuvezwa ixesha elifutshane kumanqanaba aphezulu e-dichloromethane kunokuthintela ngokukhawuleza inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi, kubangele ukozela kunye nokudideka, kwaye kunokubangela nokukhubazeka kokuphefumla kwiimeko ezinzima. Okubangela uloyiko ngakumbi kukuba, i-dichloromethane iyatshintsha ibe zizinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni womntu. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kunokubangela umhlaza, kunokubangela umonakalo oqhubekayo kumalungu omzimba womntu.
Ukongeza ekonakaliseni impilo yabantu, i-dichloromethane ikwabeka nemingcipheko kwindalo. Emva kokuba iguquguquke emoyeni, kunzima ukuyiwohloka ngokwendalo, kwaye ukuqokelelana kwayo kakhulu kuya kwenza kube nzima ungcoliseko lomoya. Ukukhupha okungacwangciswanga emanzini nasemhlabeni kuya konakalisa indalo kwaye kubeke emngciphekweni ukusinda kwezilwanyana nezityalo. Ngaphezu koko, idlakalisa iimveliso zeplastiki nezerabha eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke kufuneka izikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo ze-galvanized zokugcina nokuthutha ukuthintela ukuvuza okubangelwa kukonakala kwezinto.
Ukhuseleko olusemgangathweni lubalulekile ekuphepheni iingozi kwiimeko zemihla ngemihla nezemizi-mveliso. Imisebenzi yemizi-mveliso kufuneka yenziwe kwiindawo ezivaliweyo ezinomoya womoya ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinano lomoya wento. Iimaski zegesi ziyafuneka kwiindawo ezixineneyo kakhulu, kwaye izixhobo zokuphefumla ezizimeleyo ziyimfuneko ekuhlangulweni okungxamisekileyo. Abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe iimpahla zomsebenzi ezingangeni manzi, iiglavu zokuzikhusela kunye neeglasi, kwaye ukutya, ukusela kunye nokutshaya akuvumelekanga kwindawo yotyando. Kwimeko yokudibana kwesikhumba, hlambulula ngokukhawuleza ngamanzi acocekileyo; funa unyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ulwelo lungena emehlweni okanye ukuphefumla kakhulu kwenzeka. Uluntu ngokubanzi aludingi ukoyika. Iimveliso ezifanelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ziqulathe amanqanaba afanelekileyo e-dichloromethane kwaye zikhuselekile ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kunye nesisombululo sesitokhwe semizi-mveliso kuphela esifuna ukuthintelwa.
Ukuqukumbela, i-dichloromethane likrele elintlangothi-mbini kushishino. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizinzileyo nezisebenzayo, iye yaba yinto ebalulekileyo kwimveliso, ngelixa iza neengozi zokhuseleko. Ukuqonda iimpawu zayo kunye neengozi kunye nokuthobela imigaqo yokusetyenziswa kwayo kunokwandisa ixabiso layo kwimveliso ngelixa kunciphisa iingozi ezinokubakho. Ukujongana neengenelo kunye nokungalungi kwezinto zeekhemikhali ngendlela eyiyo kunye nokuzisebenzisa ngokwesayensi yeyona nto iphambili kuphuhliso olukhuselekileyo lweshishini lanamhlanje leekhemikhali.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-31-2026