Impumelelo yonyaka inyukile! Imarike yasekhaya yeekhemikhali iqalise "ukuvulwa komnyango"
NgoJanuwari 2023, phantsi kwemeko yokubuyisela kancinci kancinci icala lemfuno, imakethi yasekhaya yeekhemikhali yajika yaba bomvu kancinci kancinci.
Ngokwengxelo yokuhlolwa kwedatha yeekhemikhali ngokubanzi, kwiikhemikhali ezingama-67 kwisiqingatha sokuqala sikaJanuwari, bekukho iimveliso ezikhulayo ezingama-38, ezibalelwa kwi-56.72%. Phakathi kwazo, i-dyshane, i-petroleum, kunye ne-petroli zinyuke ngaphezulu kwe-10%.
▷ I-Butadiene: iyaqhubeka nokunyuka
Ekuqaleni konyaka abavelisi abaphambili baqokelele i-500 yuan/ton, icala lemfuno yemeko encinci entle, amaxabiso e-butadiene ayaqhubeka nokunyuka. EMpuma China, ixabiso le-butadiene can self-extraction libhekisa kwi-8200-8300 yuan/ton, eliyi-150 yuan/ton xa lithelekiswa nexesha elidlulileyo. I-butadiene yaseMantla China ixabisa i-8700-8850 yuan/ton, xa ithelekiswa ne-+325 yuan/ton.
Amafu aya kuba namafu ngo-2022, kodwa ngaba aza kucaca ngo-2023?
Ukuphela kuka-2022 kuzise imingeni ebalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho lwehlabathi eyachaphazela kakubi abavelisi beekhemikhali. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu kukhokelele iibhanki eziphambili ukuba zithathe amanyathelo aqatha, nto leyo enciphisa uqoqosho eMelika nakwamanye amazwe. Ingxabano eqhubekayo phakathi kweRashiya neUkraine isongela ukuphazamisa uqoqosho lwaseMpuma Yurophu, kwaye iziphumo ezigqithisileyo zamaxabiso aphezulu ombane ziyawonakalisa uqoqosho lwaseNtshona Yurophu kunye noqoqosho oluninzi olusakhulayo oluxhomekeke kumandla angeniswayo kunye nokutya.
Ubhubhane ophindaphindayo kwiindawo ezininzi eTshayina uthintele ukuhanjiswa kwempahla, imveliso kunye nokusebenza okuncinci kwamashishini, ubuthathaka kwezoqoqosho olukhulu kunye namashishini asezantsi, kwaye uthintele imfuno yeekhemikhali. Ngenxa yezizathu ezifana neengxabano zezopolitiko zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokunyuka kwenzala kwiFederal Reserve, amaxabiso eoyile kunye negesi zamazwe ngamazwe anyuke kuqala aze awe unyaka wonke kwaye agcina ukuguquguquka okuphezulu nokubanzi. Phantsi koxinzelelo kwixabiso lemveliso yeekhemikhali, amaxabiso anyuke kuqala aze awe. Phantsi kwempembelelo yezinto ezininzi ezifana nemfuno ebuthathaka, ukuhla kwamaxabiso kunye noxinzelelo lweendleko, imeko yeshishini yonyaka yeshishini leekhemikhali ezisisiseko yehle kakhulu, kwaye ixabiso leshishini lehle laya kuluhlu oluphantsi lweminyaka ephantse ibe yi-5-10.
Ngokwedatha yeNew Century, kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zika-2022, ingeniso yokusebenza yamashishini eesampuli inyukile kodwa inzuzo yokusebenza yehle kakhulu. Abavelisi bezinto eziluhlaza eziphezulu basebenze kakuhle, ngelixa amashishini eekhemikhali kunye neekhemikhali ezintle ezisezantsi kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso ayejongene neendleko eziphezulu zezinto eziluhlaza, imfuno ephantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okuphantsi kokusebenza. Ukukhula kweeasethi ezizinzileyo kunye nomlinganiselo wokwakha wamashishini eesampuli kuyehla, kwaye ukwahlulwahlulwa okwahlukeneyo kwahluka. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza kunye noxinzelelo olukhulayo lwempahla, ubungakanani bempahla kunye neeakhawunti ezifunyenweyo zamashishini eesampuli banda kakhulu, izinga lokujika liyehla, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwehle. Imali engenayo yokusebenza yamashishini eesampuli yehla unyaka nonyaka, umsantsa wemali wonxibelelwano olungengolwemali wanda ngakumbi, isikali sokuxhaswa kwetyala leemveliso zesampuli sanda, umthwalo wetyala wanda, kwaye umlinganiselo wemfanelo yempahla wanda.
Ngokuphathelele inzuzo, inzuzo iyonke yemarike yeekhemikhali ibonise ukuhla okucacileyo xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka ophelileyo.
Ngoko ke ngo-2023, ngaba ishishini leekhemikhali liza kuphucuka?
Ukuchuma kweshishini leekhemikhali elisisiseko kuchatshazelwa kakhulu lutshintsho oluqhubekayo kuqoqosho olukhulu. Ngowama-2022, uxinzelelo lokuhla koqoqosho lwehlabathi lwanda. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, indlela amaxabiso eemveliso zeekhemikhali yayinamandla. Ngokucacileyo, ubuthathaka kunye nenkxaso yamaxabiso ayonelanga, kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka, ixabiso leemveliso zeekhemikhali lehla ngokukhawuleza kunye namaxabiso exabiso lamandla. Ngowama-2023, uqoqosho lwelizwe lam kulindeleke ukuba lubuyele kwimeko yesiqhelo emva kokuphuculwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokuthintela ubhubhane, nto leyo eqhuba imfuno yabathengi ukuba ibuye. Ukuncipha kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokulawula izindlu kulindeleke ukuba kunyuse imfuno yeekhemikhali ezinxulumene nezindlu. Imfuno yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zeekhemikhali kweli candelo kulindeleke ukuba iqhubeke nokuchuma okuphezulu.
Icala lemfuno: Ulawulo lobhubhane lwasekhaya luphakanyisiwe, imakethi yezindlu ikhululiwe, kwaye uqoqosho olukhulu kulindeleke ukuba lulungiswe kancinci kancinci. Ngo-2022, ubhubhane lwaqala kwakhona kwiindawo ezininzi eTshayina, kwaye amashishini kuzo zonke iimboni kunye namashishini ayeka ukuvelisa ngamanqanaba. Ukusebenza koqoqosho olukhulu kwakubuthathaka kwaye izinga lokukhula kwamashishini amaninzi asezantsi, njengezindlu, izixhobo zasekhaya, amalaphu kunye neempahla, kunye neekhompyutha, lehla kakhulu okanye labuyela ekukhuleni okungalunganga. Imfuno encinci yamashishini asezantsi kunye namaxabiso aphezulu eekhemikhali, kunye nemeko yobhubhane, uthutho aluhambi kakuhle kwaye kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuba ixesha lihamba, nto leyo ethintela imfuno yeekhemikhali kunye neshedyuli yokuhanjiswa kwee-odolo. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, ishishini lezindlu laseTshayina liza kufumana iintolo ezintathu zokuhlangula, kwaye ulawulo lobhubhane luya kukhutshwa ngokusesikweni ngokukhutshwa kwe-"New Ten Actions" yeBhunga likaRhulumente. Ngo-2023, uqoqosho olukhulu lwasekhaya kulindeleke ukuba lulungiswe kancinci kancinci, kwaye imfuno yeemveliso zeekhemikhali kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kuphuculo oluncinci njengoko amashishini asezantsi ebuyela kancinci ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo. Ukongeza, umthwalo wolwandle wangoku uhlile, kwaye ixabiso le-RMB liye lehla kakhulu xa lithelekiswa nedola yaseMelika phantsi kokusebenza kokunyuka okuphindaphindiweyo kwenzala yeFederal Reserve, okulindeleke ukuba kube luncedo kwimfuno kunye nokuhanjiswa kwee-odolo zokuthumela iikhemikhali zasekhaya ngo-2023.
Icala lobonelelo: Ukwanda kwendlela entsha kunye nesantya, okukhokelela kwishishini elinamandla iHengqiang. Iqhutywa ziimfuno zoshishino olusakhulayo lwesiphelo, iimveliso ezintsha zezinto ziya kuba ngamandla abalulekileyo okuqhuba ukukhula koshishino. Iimveliso zeekhemikhali ziya kuthanda ukuphuhlisa uphuhliso oluphezulu, kwaye uxinzelelo kunye nefuthe elikhokelayo lamashishini ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo liya kuphuculwa ngakumbi.
Icala lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo: Ioyile ekrwada yamazwe ngamazwe isenokuba nomothuko omkhulu. Lilonke, kulindeleke ukuba amaxabiso eoyile ekrwada yamazwe ngamazwe aqhubeke neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokungazinzi. Iziko lokusebenza kwamaxabiso kulindeleke ukuba lehle ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngo-2022, kwaye liza kuxhasa iindleko zeekhemikhali.
Gxila kwimigca emithathu ephambili
Ngowama-2023, impumelelo yeshishini leekhemikhali iya kuqhubeka nomkhwa wokwahluka, uxinzelelo kwimfuno luya kuncipha kancinci kancinci, kwaye inkcitho yemali kwishishini iya kukhawulezisa. Sicebisa ukuba sigxile kwimigca emithathu ephambili:
▷Ibhayoloji yokwenziwa: Kwimeko yokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni, izinto ezisekelwe kwifosili zinokujongana nempembelelo ephazamisayo. Izinto ezisekelwe kwibhayoloji, kunye nokusebenza kwazo okugqwesileyo kunye neenzuzo zeendleko, ziya kuzisa utshintsho, olulindeleke ukuba luveliswe kancinci kancinci kwaye lusetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiiplastiki zobunjineli, ukutya neziselo, ezonyango nakwezinye iindawo. Ibhayoloji yokwenziwa, njengendlela entsha yokuvelisa, kulindeleke ukuba ingenise ixesha elikhethekileyo kwaye ivule kancinci kancinci imfuno yemarike.
▷Izixhobo ezintsha: Ukubaluleka kokhuseleko lwekhonkco lobonelelo ngeekhemikhali kuye kwagxininiswa ngakumbi, kwaye ukusekwa kwenkqubo yemizi-mveliso ezimeleyo nelawulekayo kusondele. Ezinye izixhobo ezintsha kulindeleke ukuba zikhawulezise ukuphunyezwa kokutshintshwa kwekhaya, ezifana nesihluzo semolekyuli kunye ne-catalyst esebenza kakuhle, izixhobo zokufunxa i-aluminium, i-airgel, izixhobo zokugquma i-electrode engalunganga kunye nezinye izixhobo ezintsha ziya kwandisa kancinci kancinci ukuvuleka kwazo kunye nesabelo semarike, kwaye isekethe entsha yezinto kulindeleke ukuba ikhawulezise ukukhula.
▷Izindlu kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemfuno yabathengi: Njengoko urhulumente ekhulula uphawu lokukhululeka kwemiqathango kwimarike yezindlu kunye nokwenza ngcono icebo lokuthintela nokulawula elijoliswe kulo bhubhane, umda womgaqo-nkqubo wezindlu uya kuphucuka, impumelelo yokusetyenziswa kunye nochungechunge lwezindlu kulindeleke ukuba lubuyiselwe, kwaye iikhemikhali zezindlu kunye nochungechunge lwabathengi kulindeleke ukuba zizuze.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-02-2023