Ngaba uyazi nge-n-hexane?

Njengesinyibilikisi sendalo esingabizi kakhulu nesisetyenziswa kakhulu, i-n-hexane isetyenziswa kakhulu ekucutshungulweni kwemizi-mveliso, ekuvelisweni okulula, nasekulungisweni kokutya ukuze kucocwe, kukhutshwe, kunamathele nakwezinye iinkqubo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda koluntu nge-n-hexane kusasilela kwaye kuyalahlekisa. Abantu abaninzi bayayeka ukulinda kuba nje ibizwa ngokuba “yityhefu ephantsi”, ngelixa eneneni ingunobangela ofihlakeleyo wetyhefu rhoqo emsebenzini. Ukunceda uluntu luphephe iingozi ngokwesayensi, eli nqaku liphendula imibuzo eqhelekileyo malunga ne-n-hexane kwaye licacisa iingcamango eziphosakeleyo eziqhelekileyo.

Umbuzo 1: Kutheni i-n-hexane iyinto enobungozi kakhulu kwimpilo yomsebenzi nangona inobungozi obuphantsi?

Ngokungafaniyo neekhemikhali ezinobungozi kakhulu ezifana ne-formaldehyde kunye ne-benzene, i-n-hexane ayibangeli zimpawu zicacileyo zetyhefu emva kokuvezwa ngamanye amaxesha okanye kancinci, nto leyo echaza isizathu sokuba iingozi zayo zihlala zingathathelwa ingqalelo. Ngokwekhemikhali, i-n-hexane lulwelo olungenatyhefu kangako, olungenambala, olucacileyo olunevumba elincinci kunye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu kubushushu begumbi. Ingena emzimbeni womntu ikakhulu ngokuphefumla ngokuphefumla kunye nokunxibelelana nolusu.

Eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu yileubuthi obuqokelelweyoUmzimba womntu ucotha i-n-hexane; ukuvezwa ixesha elide koxinzelelo oluphantsi kukhokelela ekuqokeleleni ityhefu rhoqo kunye nomonakalo oqhubekayo kwimithambo-luvo engaphandle. Ukongeza, i-n-hexane inokutsha kakhulu. Umphunga wayo unokwenza imixube eqhumayo nomoya kwaye unokubangela ukutsha okanye ukuqhuma xa ubekwe kumlilo ovulekileyo okanye kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ngenxa yeengozi ezinobungozi nezinokutsha, ilawulwa ngokungqongqo kulawulo lwempilo yomsebenzi.

Umbuzo 2: Ifumaneka phi i-n-hexane? Ngaba abantu abaqhelekileyo kufuneka balumke?

I-N-hexane isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso kunye nemizi-mveliso yokutya, apho abasebenzi abaphambili bejongene nemingcipheko ephezulu yokuchatshazelwa. Kwiimeko zoshishino, isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni nge-elektroniki, ukususa amafutha kwizixhobo, ukucubungula ulusu, ukwenza izihlangu kunye nokuprinta ukususa ioyile, ukuxuba iglu kunye nokuxuba i-inki.

Kwishishini lokutya, i-n-hexane yodidi lokutya isebenza njengearhente yokukhupha iioyile zemifuno ezifana neoyile yesoya kunye neoyile yerapeseed. Iintsalela zincitshiswa ngeenkqubo zokucoca kwaye zihambelana ngokupheleleyo nemigangatho yokhuseleko yesizwe, okwenza ukusetyenziswa kwemihla ngemihla kukhuseleke kuluntu. Abantu abaqhelekileyo banomngcipheko omncinci kakhulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla kwaye kufuneka baphephe iimveliso zeglu eziphantsi kunye neesepha ezingafanelekiyo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka kakhulu.

Umbuzo 3: Zithini iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zetyhefu ye-n-hexane kwaye ungazahlula njani ekudinweni okuqhelekileyo?

Ubuthi be-N-hexane bahlulwe baba ziintlungu zokuchatshazelwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nobuthi obuhlala buhleli, apho obu bokugqibela buxhaphake kakhulu kwaye buyingozi. Ukuphefumla umphunga we-n-hexane oxineneyo ixesha elifutshane kunokubangela isiyezi, isicaphucaphu, ukudinwa, ukozela kunye nokuqina kwesifuba. Ezi mpawu zifana nokudinwa bubushushu okanye ukudinwa kwaye kulula ukuzihoya, kodwa zihlala zithomalalisa emva kokushiya indawo engcolisiweyo.

Ityhefu engapheliyo ebangelwa kukuvezwa okungakhuselekanga ixesha elide ikhohlisa kakhulu. Iimpawu zokuqala ziquka ukuvaleka kweminwe, ubuthathaka bokuchukumisa kunye nemilenze ebuthathaka, edla ngokubhideka njengokudinwa okuqhelekileyo. Njengoko iityhefu ziqokelelana, izigulana zinokuba buhlungu ngokuqhubekayo kwemisipha, ubuthathaka ngokubanzi kunye nokusasazeka kokuvaleka. Amatyala aqatha adala i-peripheral neuritis, nto leyo ebangela ukuwohloka kwemisipha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemisipha. Umonakalo wemithambo-luvo kunzima ukuwulungisa kwaye ufuna ixesha elide lokuphola. Ukudibana ngqo nolusu ixesha elide nako konakalisa umqobo wolusu, okubangela ukoma, ukuqhekeka kunye ne-contact dermatitis.

Umbuzo 4: Abasebenzi abaphambili banokufumana njani ukhuseleko lwesayensi? Zithini imigaqo ephambili?

Iingozi ze-N-hexane zinokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokhuseleko oluqhelekileyo, olugxile ekuphefumleni umoya, ukhuseleko lomntu kunye nolawulo lwempilo. Okokuqala, iindawo zokusebenza kufuneka zigcine umoya ococekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokukhupha umoya ezisebenzayo ukuze kuncitshiswe umphunga we-n-hexane oguquguqukayo kwaye kuthintelwe ukuqokelelana koxinzelelo olugqithisileyo.

Okwesibini, abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe iimaski zegesi, iiglavu zerabha ezinganyangekiyo kunye neeglasi zokukhusela ngexesha lokusebenza. Ukudibana ngqo nolusu kunye nokuphefumla umphunga kufutshane akuvumelekanga. Okwangoku, imithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko lomlilo kufuneka ilandelwe; amalangatye avulekileyo kunye nokufudumeza obushushu obuphezulu akuvumelekanga kwiindawo zokusebenza ukuze kupheliswe iingozi ezinokutsha neziqhumayo. Okwesithathu, ukuvavanywa rhoqo kwempilo yomsebenzi kubalulekile kubasebenzi bexesha elide ukuze kubonwe umonakalo wemithambo-luvo kwangethuba kwaye kuvumeleke ukungenelela kunye nonyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Umbuzo 5: Zeziphi izinto ezithintelwayo zokugcina i-n-hexane kunye nokulahla izinto ezingxamisekileyo?

Ukugcinwa kwe-N-hexane kufuneka kuhambelane nemigaqo yeekhemikhali eziyingozi. Kufuneka ivalwe kakuhle kwaye igcinwe kwindawo yokugcina izinto epholileyo, enomoya opholileyo kude nemithombo yobushushu kunye namalangatye avulekileyo, kuthintelwe ukuvezwa kubushushu obuphezulu. Kufuneka igcinwe yodwa kwaye ingaze ixutywe nee-oxidants, ii-asidi okanye ii-alkalis ukuthintela ukusabela okuyingozi kweekhemikhali. Izikhongozeli zeplastiki nezerabha azivumelekanga, njengoko i-n-hexane inokuzidla kwaye ibangele ukuvuza.

Kufuneka unyango oluqhelekileyo olungxamisekileyo xa kuthe kwavela ingozi. Iindawo ezidibana nolusu kufuneka zihlanjwe kakuhle ngesepha namanzi abalekayo. Ukubonakala emehlweni kufuna ukuhlanjwa ngamanzi rhoqo kunye nonyango olulandelayo. Abantu abanengxaki yokuphefumla kufuneka basuswe ngokukhawuleza baye emoyeni omtsha kwaye bafumane unyango olukhawulezileyo ukuba iimpawu zinzima. Amaxhoba okutya akufuneki anyanzelwe ukuba ahlanze ukuze kuthintelwe i-pneumonia kwaye kufuneka afune unyango olukhawulezileyo. Ngamafutshane, iingozi ze-n-hexane zivela kakhulu ekusebenzeni okungekho semgangathweni. Ukufunda ulwazi lokhuseleko kunye nokulandela ngokungqongqo imithetho yokhuseleko kunokuthintela iingozi ezifihlakeleyo kwaye kuqinisekise ukhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza.