Intshayelelo emfutshane:
I-Aniline, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-aminobenzene, yi-organic compound ene-chemical formula C6H7N.Lulwelo lwe-oyile olungenambala oluqala ukubola xa lufudunyezwa ukuya kuma-370℃.Nangona inyibilika kancinane emanzini, i-aniline inyibilika ngokulula kwi-ethanol, i-ether, kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo.Le khompawundi inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, iyenza ibe yenye yezona amines zibalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Iimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali:
Ubuninzi: 1.022g/cm3
Indawo yokunyibilikisa: -6.2℃
Indawo yokubilisa: 184℃
Indawo edanyazayo: 76℃
Isalathiso seRefractive: 1.586 (20℃)
Imbonakalo: Ulwelo olungenambala ukuya kolutyheli olucacileyo
Ukunyibilika: kunyibilika kancinane emanzini, kunyibilika kwi-ethanol, ether, benzene
Isicelo:
Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswayo kwi-aniline kukwenza iidayi.Ukukwazi kwayo ukwenza iikhompawundi ezinemibala xa idityaniswe neminye imichiza iyenza ilungele ukuvelisa idayi edlamkileyo nehlala ixesha elide.Idayi yeaniline isetyenziswa kumashishini awahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka amalaphu, iiplastiki, nezinto zesikhumba.Ngokusebenzisa iidayi ezisekelwe kwi-aniline, abavelisi banokufikelela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zemibala ekwazi ukumelana nokucima, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zigcina umtsalane wazo obonakalayo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Ukongeza, i-aniline idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yamachiza kunye namayeza.Njengebhloko yokwakha eguquguqukayo kwi-organic chemistry, i-aniline isebenza njengesixhobo sokuqala sokuhlanganiswa kwamayeza amaninzi.Iinkampani ezixuba amayeza zixhomekeke kwizinto eziphuma kwi-aniline ukwenza amayeza kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango.Ikhono lokuguqula isakhiwo se-aniline sivumela abaphandi ukuba baphuhlise amayeza kunye neziphumo ezifunwayo zonyango.
Ngaphezu koko, i-aniline ifumana isicelo kwimveliso yeerasi.Iintlaka zibalulekile xa kusenziwa iiplastiki, izinto zokuncamathelisa kunye nezaleko.Ngokubandakanya i-aniline kwi-resin formulation, abavelisi baphucula amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuguquguquka kwemveliso yokugqibela.Oku kwenza ukuveliswa kwezinto eziphezulu ezinokuthi zikwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima kwaye zinike ubomi obude.
Ubuchule buka-Aniline budlulela ngaphaya kwedayi, iziyobisi kunye neentlaka.Ikwasetyenziswa njenge rabha vulcanization accelerator.Iimveliso zerabha, ezinjengamatayara kunye namabhanti okuhambisa, zifuna ivulcanization ukomeleza amandla kunye nokunwebeka kwazo.I-Aniline incedisa ukukhawulezisa inkqubo ye-vulcanization, ukwenza imveliso yerabha isebenze ngakumbi.Ngokubandakanya i-aniline njenge-accelerator, abavelisi banokunciphisa ixesha lokuvelisa kunye nokuphucula umgangatho jikelele weemveliso zerabha.
Ukongeza kwizicelo zayo zoshishino, i-aniline ingasetyenziselwa njengedayi emnyama ngokwayo.Le propati yenza ukuba inqwenelekayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kunye nobuchule.Amagcisa kunye neengcibi banokusebenzisa i-aniline ukwenza imibala emnyama enzulu eyongeza umahluko, ubunzulu kunye nobutyebi kwindalo yabo.Umbala wayo oqinileyo kunye nokuhambelana kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zivumela ukubonakaliswa kobugcisa kunye nokuhlola.
Ngapha koko, izinto eziphuma kwi-aniline, ezinje nge-methyl orange, zifumana ukusetyenziswa njengezalathisi kwi-acid-base titrations.Ezi zalathi zibalulekile ekumiseleni isiphelo sovavanyo lwe-titration, ukuqinisekisa imilinganiselo echanekileyo.I-Methyl orange, ephuma kwi-aniline, iguqula umbala xa i-pH yesisombululo ifikelela kuluhlu oluthile.Oku kuvumela izazinzulu kunye neekhemisti ukuba zibeke iliso ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zihlalutye ukusabela okwenzekayo ngexesha le-titrations.
Ukupakishwa kwemveliso:200kg/igubu
Imiqathango yokusebenza:umsebenzi ovaliweyo, unikeze umoya owaneleyo wokukhupha indawo.Ukusebenza njengoomatshini kunye ne-automation kangangoko kunokwenzeka.Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka baqeqeshwe ngokukodwa kwaye bathobele ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza.Kuyacetyiswa ukuba umqhubi anxibe isigqubuthelo segesi yokucoca (isiqingatha semaski), iiglasi zokhuseleko, iimpahla ezikhuselayo zokusebenza, kunye neeglavu ezixhathisa irabha kwioli.Zigcine kude nomlilo nobushushu.Akutshaywa emsebenzini.Sebenzisa izixhobo zokungenisa umoya ezingagqabhukiyo kunye nezixhobo.Ikhusela umphunga ekubeni ungavuzi emoyeni wasemsebenzini.Kuphephe ukudibana nee-oxidants kunye neeasidi.Xa uphatha, ukulayishwa okulula kunye nokuthululwa kufuneka kwenziwe ukuthintela umonakalo wokupakisha kunye nezikhongozeli.Ixhotyiswe ngeentlobo ezihambelanayo kunye nobuninzi bezixhobo zomlilo kunye nokuvuza kwezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo.Izikhongozeli ezingenanto zinokuba neentsalela eziyingozi.
Izilumkiso zokugcina:Gcina kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya.Zigcine kude nomlilo nobushushu.Ubushushu bendawo yokugcina amanzi abuyi kuba ngaphezu kwe-30 ℃, kwaye ukufuma okuhambelanayo akuyi kudlula i-80%.Gcina kude nokukhanya.Iphakheji kufuneka itywinwe kwaye ingadibanisi nomoya.Kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidants, i-acids kunye neekhemikhali ezidliwayo, kwaye akufanele ixutywe.Ixhotyiswe ngeentlobo ezihambelanayo kunye nobuninzi bezixhobo zomlilo.Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo oluvuzayo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuthintela.
Isishwankathelo, i-aniline yikhompawundi eguquguqukayo yezinto eziphilayo kunye nezicelo ezininzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo.Ukusuka kwidayi kunye neziyobisi ukuya kwimveliso yerabha kunye nemizamo yobugcisa, ukubaluleka kwe-aniline akunakujongelwa phantsi.Ukukwazi kwayo ukwenza iikhompawundi ezinemibala, isebenza njengebhloko yokwakha amayeza, kwaye isebenze njenge-vulcanization accelerator yenza ukuba ibe yinto exabisekileyo.Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengedayi emnyama kunye nesalathisi se-acid-base sigxininisa uluhlu oluhlukeneyo lwezicelo ze-aniline.Njengoko amashishini eqhubeka nokusungula kunye nokuphuhlisa, i-aniline ngokungathandabuzekiyo iya kuhlala iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zabo kunye neemveliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-03-2023