Intshayelelo emfutshane:
I-Aniline, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-aminobenzene, yi-organic compound ene-chemical formula C6H7N. Lulwelo lweoyile olungenambala oluqala ukubola xa lufudunyezwa ukuya kuma-370℃. Nangona lunyibilika kancinci emanzini, i-aniline inyibilika lula kwi-ethanol, i-ether, kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi ze-organic. Le compound ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, nto leyo eyenza ibe yenye yezona amine zibalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Iimpawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali:
Ubuninzi: 1.022g/cm3
Iqondo lokunyibilika: -6.2℃
Iqondo lokubila: 184℃
Incopho yokutsha: 76℃
Isalathisi sokuhombisa: 1.586 (20℃)
Inkangeleko: Ulwelo olucacileyo olungenambala ukuya kolutyheli olukhanyayo
Ukunyibilika: inyibilika kancinci emanzini, inyibilika kwi-ethanol, i-ether, i-benzene
Isicelo:
Enye yeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokusebenzisa i-aniline kukwenza iidayi. Ukukwazi kwayo ukwenza iikhompawundi ezinemibala xa idityaniswe nezinye iikhemikhali kwenza ukuba ilungele ukuvelisa iidayi ezikhazimlayo nezihlala ixesha elide. Iidayi ze-aniline zisetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kuquka amalaphu, iiplastiki, kunye neempahla zesikhumba. Ngokusebenzisa iidayi ezisekelwe kwi-aniline, abavelisi banokufikelela kuluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwemibala enganyamezeliyo ukufiphala, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zigcina umtsalane wazo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ukongeza, i-aniline idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yamayeza kunye namayeza. Njengesakhiwo esiguquguqukayo kwi-organic chemistry, i-aniline isebenza njengesixhobo sokuqala sokwenziwa kwamayeza amaninzi. Iinkampani zamayeza zixhomekeke kwi-aniline derivatives ukwenza amayeza eemeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Ukukwazi ukutshintsha ulwakhiwo lwe-aniline kuvumela abaphandi ukuba baphuhlise amayeza aneziphumo zonyango ezifunwayo.
Ngaphezu koko, i-aniline isetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kweeresini. Iiresini zibalulekile ekuvelisweni kweeplastiki, izinto zokuncamathelisa, kunye neengubo. Ngokufaka i-aniline kwifomyula yeresini, abavelisi bandisa amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuguquguquka kwemveliso yokugqibela. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuveliswa kwezinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ezinokumelana neemeko ezinzima kwaye zinike ixesha elide.
Ukuguquguquka kwe-Aniline kudlulela ngaphaya kweedayi, amayeza, kunye neeresini. Ikwasetyenziswa njengesikhawulezisi serabha. Iimveliso zerabha, ezifana namatayara kunye neebhanti zokuhambisa, zifuna i-vulcanization ukuze zomeleze amandla azo kunye nokuguquguquka kwazo. I-Aniline inceda ekukhawuleziseni inkqubo ye-vulcanization, yenza imveliso yerabha isebenze ngakumbi. Ngokufaka i-aniline njengesikhawulezisi, abavelisi banokunciphisa ixesha lokuvelisa kwaye baphucule umgangatho uwonke weemveliso zerabha.
Ukongeza kwizicelo zayo zoshishino, i-aniline ingasetyenziswa njengedayi emnyama ngokwayo. Le propati yenza ukuba ibe yinto efiselekayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa kunye nobuchule. Amagcisa kunye neengcibi zingasebenzisa i-aniline ukwenza imibala emnyama enzulu eyongeza umahluko, ubunzulu, kunye nobutyebi kwindalo yazo. Umbala wayo oqinileyo kunye nokuhambelana kwayo neendlela ezahlukeneyo kuvumela ukubonakaliswa kobugcisa kunye nophando.
Ngaphezu koko, izinto eziphuma kwi-aniline, ezifana ne-methyl orange, zisetyenziswa njengezalathisi kwi-acid-base titrations. Ezi zalathisi zibalulekile ekumiseleni isiphelo sovavanyo lwe-titration, ukuqinisekisa ukulinganiswa okuchanekileyo. I-Methyl orange, ethathwe kwi-aniline, itshintsha umbala xa i-pH yesisombululo ifikelela kuluhlu oluthile. Oku kuvumela izazinzulu kunye neengcali zamachiza ukuba zijonge ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zihlalutye iimpendulo ezenzeka ngexesha le-titrations.
Ukupakisha imveliso:200kg/idrama
Amanyathelo okhuseleko okusebenza:ukusebenza okuvaliweyo, kubonelela ngomoya owaneleyo wokukhupha umoya kwindawo ethile. Ukusebenza ngoomatshini nangoomatshini kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Abaqhubi kufuneka baqeqeshwe ngokukodwa kwaye balandele ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza. Kucetyiswa ukuba umqhubi anxibe imaski yegesi yokucoca (isiqingatha semaski), iiglasi zokukhusela ukhuseleko, iimpahla zomsebenzi zokukhusela, kunye neeglavu zerabha ezingangeni kwioyile. Gcina kude nomlilo nobushushu. Akukho kutshaya kwindawo yokusebenza. Sebenzisa iinkqubo zomoya ezingaqhumiyo kunye nezixhobo. Ithintela umphunga ekuvuzeni emoyeni emsebenzini. Kuphephe ukudibana nee-oxidants kunye nee-asidi. Xa uphatha, kufuneka kulayishwe kwaye kukhutshwe kancinci ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo kwiphakheji kunye neekhonteyina. Ixhotyiswe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuninzi bezixhobo zomlilo kunye nokuvuza kwezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo. Izikhonteyina ezingenanto zinokuba neentsalela eziyingozi.
Amanyathelo okukhusela ukugcina:Gcina kwindawo yokugcina izinto epholileyo, enomoya opholileyo. Gcina kude nomlilo nobushushu. Ubushushu bedama akufuneki budlule kwi-30℃, kwaye umswakama ohambelanayo akufuneki udlule kwi-80%. Gcina kude nokukhanya. Iphakheji kufuneka ivalwe kwaye ingadibani nomoya. Kufuneka igcinwe yodwa kwii-oxidants, ii-asidi kunye neekhemikhali ezityiwayo, kwaye akufuneki ixutywe. Ixhotyiswe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobungakanani bezixhobo zomlilo. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo oluvuzayo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuthintela.
Ngamafutshane, i-aniline yikhompawundi yendalo eguquguqukayo enezicelo ezininzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukusuka kwiidayi namayeza ukuya kwimveliso yerabha kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa, ukubaluleka kwe-aniline akunakuncitshiswa. Amandla ayo okwenza iikhompawundi ezinemibala, isebenze njengesiseko sokwakha amayeza, kwaye isebenze njenge-accelerator ye-vulcanization yenza ukuba ibe yinto exabisekileyo. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwayo njengedayi emnyama kunye nesalathisi se-acid-base kubonisa uluhlu olwahlukeneyo lwezicelo ze-aniline. Njengoko amashishini eqhubeka nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha nophuhliso, i-aniline ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuhlala iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zayo nakwiimveliso.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-03-2023