Umenzi Ixabiso Elihle le-Ammonium Chloride CAS:12125-02-9

I-Ammonium chloride, (udidi lwemizi-mveliso) I-Ammonium chloride (ebizwa ngokuba yi-"chloramine", ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-halogen sand, ifomula yekhemikhali: NH4Cl) yi-cubic crystal okanye i-white crystal powder engenambala. Inencasa yetyuwa kwaye ikrakra kancinci kwaye ikwi-asidi yetyuwa. Uxinano lwayo yi-1.527. Iyanyibilika emanzini, kwi-ethanol nakwi-ammonia engamanzi kodwa ayinyibiliki kwi-acetone nakwi-ether. Isisombululo samanzi sincinci kwi-asidi, kwaye i-asidi yaso iyandiswa xa ifudunyezwa. Xa ifudunyezwa ukuya kwi-100 ° C, iqala ukuguquguquka kakhulu, kwaye xa ifudunyezwa ukuya kwi-337.8 ° C, iya kwahlukana ibe yi-ammonia kunye ne-hydrogen chloride, ethi, xa ibanda, idibane kwakhona ivelise amasuntswana amancinci e-ammonium chloride kunye nomsi omhlophe okunzima ukuwutshona kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuwunyibilikisa emanzini. Xa ifudunyezwa ukuya kwi-350 ° C, iya kunyibilika kwaye xa i-520 ° C, iya kubila. Ukufunxwa kwayo kuncinci, kwaye kwimozulu emanzi ingakwazi ukufunxa umswakama ukuze ikhekhe. Kwizinyithi zentsimbi nezinye izinyithi, iyabola, ingakumbi, enokonakala okukhulu kobhedu kodwa ayinakonakala kwentsimbi yehagu. I-Ammonium chloride ingafunyanwa kwi-neutralization reaction ye-ammonia kunye ne-hydrogen chloride okanye i-ammonia kunye ne-hydrochloric acid (i-reaction equation: NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl). Xa ishushu, iya kubola ibe yi-hydrogen chloride kunye ne-ammonia reaction (i-equation: NH4Cl → NH3 + HCl) kwaye i-reaction ikwicala lasekunene kuphela ukuba isikhongozeli sivuliwe.
I-Ammonium chloride isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiibhetri ezomileyo, iibhetri zokugcina, iityuwa ze-ammonium, ukurhawuzelela, ukugquma, amayeza, ukufota, ii-electrode, izincamathelisi, njl. I-Ammonium chloride ikwasisichumiso sekhemikhali se-nitrogen esifumanekayo esinomxholo we-nitrogen oyi-24% ukuya kwi-25%. Sisichumiso se-physiological acidic kwaye sifanelekile kwingqolowa, irayisi, umbona, imbewu yerapeseed kunye nezinye izityalo. Inemiphumo yokuphucula ukuqina kwefayibha kunye nokuxinana kunye nokuphucula umgangatho ngakumbi kwizityalo zekotoni kunye nelinen. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yendalo ye-ammonium chloride, ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo akulunganga, kuya kuzisa iziphumo ezimbi emhlabeni nakwizityalo.
Iimeko zobugcisa: ukuphunyezwa komgangatho wesizwe weRiphabliki yabantu baseTshayina i-GB-2946-82.
1. Inkangeleko: ikristale emhlophe
2. umxholo we-ammonium chloride (isiseko esomileyo) ≥ 99.3%
3. Umthamo womswakama ≤1.0%
4. umxholo wesodium chloride (isiseko esomileyo) ≤0.2%
5. umxholo wesinyithi ≤0.001%
6. umxholo wesinyithi esinzima (ngokwe-Pb) ≤0.0005%
7. umxholo onganyibilikiyo emanzini ≤0.02%
8. Umxholo we-sulfate (ngokwe-SO42-) ≤0.02%
9. pH: 4.2-5.8
I-Ammonium chloride isetyenziswa njengesithambisi-mafutha nanjengesithambisi kwiitoni ezingezizo ezinxilisayo. Ngokutsho kwabaqulunqi bezinto zokuhombisa, icandelo le-ammonium linika imvakalelo yokurhawuzelela okanye yokuhlaba abanye abantu abayinxulumanisa neetoni okanye ii-aftershaves, kwaye, kwiitoni eziqhelekileyo, zihlala zibonelelwa ngumxholo wotywala. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ammonium chloride kubangelwa kukukhetha kwimvakalelo yokwenza.
I-Ammonium Chloride sisicoci sentlama kunye nokutya kwemvubelo okufumaneka njengeekristale ezingenambala okanye umgubo omhlophe wekristale. Malunga ne-30–38 g inyibilika emanzini kwi-25°c. I-ph yesisombululo se-1% kwi-25°c yi-5.2. Isetyenziswa njengesiqinisi sentlama kunye nesiphuculisi sencasa kwiimpahla ezibhakiweyo kwaye njengomthombo we-nitrogen wokubilisa imvubelo. Ikwasetyenziswa kwizinongo kunye neerelish. Elinye igama letyuwa yi-ammonium muriate.
Iikristale ezimhlophe ezenziwe ziityuwa ze-ammonia ezisebenza kwi-hydrochloric acid zilandelwa yi-crystallization. I-Ammonium chloride ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-sal ammoniac. Inyibilika emanzini nase-alcohol, i-ammonium chloride yayisetyenziswa njenge-halide kwiinkqubo ezininzi, kuquka iphepha elinetyuwa, iphepha le-albumen, i-albumen opaltype, kunye neenkqubo ze-gelatin emulsion.