Umenzi wexabiso eliLungileyo i-Ammonium Chloride CAS: 12125-02-9

I-Ammonium chloride, (ibakala lemizi-mveliso) i-Ammonium chloride (ebizwa ngokuba yi-"chloramine", ekwaziwa njengesanti ye-halogen, i-chemical formula: NH4Cl) yi-cubic crystal engenambala okanye i-crystalline powder emhlophe. Inencasa inetyuwa kwaye iyakrakra kwaye iyeyetyuwa yeasidi. Ubuninzi bayo obusondeleyo yi-1.527. Iyanyibilika emanzini, i-ethanol kunye ne-ammonia engamanzi kodwa ayinyibiliki kwi-acetone kunye ne-ether. Isisombululo se-aqueous sibuthathaka, kwaye i-asidi yayo iphuculwe ngelixa ifudumeza. Xa ifudunyezwa kwi-100 ° C, iqala ukuguquguquka kakhulu, kwaye xa ishushu kwi-337.8 ° C, iya kuhlukana ibe yi-ammonia kunye ne-hydrogen chloride, apho, xa i-exposure ebanda, iya kuphinda idibanise ukuvelisa amaqhekeza amancinci e-ammonium chloride kunye nomsi omhlophe ongekho lula ukutshona kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuchithwa emanzini. Xa ifudunyezwa kwi-350 ° C, iya kuthoba kwaye xa i-520 ° C, iya kubila. Ukufunxa ukufuma kwayo kuncinci, kwaye kwimozulu emanzi yemvula inokufunxa ukufuma kwikeyiki. Kwizinyithi ezinentsimbi kunye nezinye iintsimbi, i-corrosion, ethi, ngokukodwa, inomhlwa omkhulu wobhedu kodwa akukho ntsimbi yehagu. I-ammonium chloride inokufumaneka kwi-neutralization reaction ye-ammonia kunye ne-hydrogen chloride okanye i-ammonia kunye ne-hydrochloric acid (i-reaction equation: NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl). Xa ishushu, iya kubola ibe yihydrogen chloride kunye neammonia reaction (inxaki: NH4Cl → NH3 + HCl) kwaye ukusabela kusekunene kuphela ukuba isikhongozeli sivuliwe inkqubo.
I-ammonium chloride isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiibhetri ezomileyo, iibhetri zokugcina, iityuwa ze-ammonium, i-tanning, i-plating, amayeza, ukufota, i-electrode, i-adhesives, njl. Sisichumisi esineasidi yendalo kwaye ilungele ingqolowa, irayisi, umbona, imbewu yerape kunye nezinye izityalo. Ineziphumo zokuphucula ukomelela kwefayibha kunye noxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho ngakumbi kwizityalo zomqhaphu kunye nelinen. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobume be-ammonium chloride, ukuba isicelo asilungile, siya kuzisa iziphumo ezibi kumhlaba kunye nezityalo.
Iimeko zobugcisa: ukuphunyezwa kweRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina umgangatho wesizwe we-GB-2946-82.
1. Imbonakalo: ikristale emhlophe
2. umxholo we-ammonium chloride (isiseko esomileyo) ≥ 99.3%
3. isiqulatho sokufuma ≤1.0%
4. umxholo we-sodium chloride (isiseko esomileyo) ≤0.2%
5. umxholo wentsimbi ≤0.001%
6. umxholo wentsimbi enzima (ngokwePb) ≤0.0005%
7. isiqulatho samanzi esinganyibilikiyo ≤0.02%
8. umxholo we-sulfate (ngokwemiqathango ye-SO42-) ≤0.02%
9. pH: 4.2-5.8
I-ammonium chloride isetyenziswa njenge-thickener kunye ne-additive in non-alcoholic toners. Ngokutsho kwe-cosmetic formulators, i-ammonium component inika ukubetha okanye ukubetha kwemvakalelo abanye abantu abadibanisa ne-toners okanye i-aftershaves, kwaye leyo, kwiitoni eziqhelekileyo, idla ngokunikezelwa ngumxholo wotywala. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-ammonium chloride sisiphumo sokukhetha kwimvakalelo yokwakheka.
I-Ammonium Chloride sisilungisi sentlama kunye nokutya kwegwele ekhoyo njengeekristale ezingenambala okanye umgubo omhlophe wekristale. malunga ne-30–38 g inyibilika emanzini kwi-25°c. iph yesisombululo se-1% ku-25°c yi-5.2. isetyenziswa njengento yokomeleza intlama kunye nencasa yencasa kwizinto ezibhakiweyo nanjengomthombo wenitrogen wokuvubela kwegwele. iyasetyenziswa nakwiziqholo nakwizinto zobumnandi. elinye igama letyuwa yi-ammonium muriate.
Iikristale ezimhlophe ezenziwe ngeetyuwa ze-ammonia ezisebenza kwi-hydrochloric acid elandelwa yicrystallization. I-ammonium chloride ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-sal ammoniac. Inyibilika emanzini kunye notywala, i-ammonium chloride yayisetyenziswa njenge-halide kwiinkqubo ezininzi, kubandakanywa nephepha elinetyuwa, iphepha le-albuben, i-albulen opaltype, kunye neenkqubo ze-gelatin emulsion.