I. Intshayelelo emfutshane yeMveliso: Ukusuka kwiMonomer esisiseko ukuya kwiMpahla ebanzi
I-Styrene, ulwelo olunamafutha olungenambala olunevumba elimnandi elikhethekileyo kubushushu begumbi, luyinto ebalulekileyo ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yamachiza e-organic kwishishini lanamhlanje leekhemikhali. Njenge-alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon elula, isakhiwo sayo seekhemikhali siyinika i-reactivity ephezulu— iqela le-vinyl kwi-molecule yalo linokudlula kwiimpendulo ze-polymerization, uphawu olubeka isiseko sexabiso lalo lemveliso.
Eyona ndlela iphambili yokusebenzisa i-styrene kukwenza i-monomer yokwenza i-polystyrene (PS). Idume ngokucaca kwayo, ukusebenziseka kwayo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, i-PS isetyenziswa kakhulu ekupakisheni ukutya, kwiimpahla zabathengi zemihla ngemihla, kwiikhabhathi ze-elektroniki nezombane, nakwezinye iindawo. Ukongeza, i-styrene isebenza njengomphambili ophambili wokuvelisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ezibalulekileyo zokwenziwa:
●I-ABS Resin: I-Copolymerized evela kwi-acrylonitrile, i-butadiene, kunye ne-styrene, iyathandwa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto, izixhobo zasekhaya, kunye neethoyi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okugqwesileyo, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenziseka lula.
●Irabha yeStyrene-Butadiene (SBR): Yirabha ye-copolymer ye-styrene kunye ne-butadiene, yeyona rabha yokwenziwa eveliswa kakhulu nesetyenziswa kakhulu, esetyenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni amatayara, izihlangu, njl.njl.
●I-Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR): I-styrene njenge-agent yokudibanisa kunye ne-diluent, yeyona nto iphambili kwiplastiki eqiniswe yi-fiberglass (FRP), esetyenziswa kwiinqanawa, kwizinto zeemoto, kwiinqaba zokupholisa, njl.njl.
●I-Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer (SAN), i-Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), nezinye.
Ukususela kwizinto ezisetyenziswa imihla ngemihla ezifana nezikhongozeli zokutya okukhawulezayo kunye neebhokisi zombane ukuya kwiimveliso ezinxulumene noqoqosho lwesizwe ezifana namatayara eemoto kunye nezixhobo zokwakha, i-styrene ifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo kwaye yenye yezona "ziimbombo" zoshishino lwezinto zanamhlanje. Kwihlabathi liphela, amandla okuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-styrene sele kubekwe phakathi kweekhemikhali eziphezulu, kunye nokuguquguquka kwayo kwimarike okubonisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuchuma kwemveliso esezantsi.
II. Iindaba zamva nje: Ukuhlala kunye kokuguquguquka kweMarike kunye nokwandiswa komthamo
Kutshanje, imakethi ye-styrene iqhubekile nokuphenjelelwa yimeko-bume yezoqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye notshintsho kubonelelo kunye nemfuno yoshishino, nto leyo ebonisa utshintsho oluntsonkothileyo.
Inkxaso yeendleko zezinto eziluhlaza kunye nomdlalo wamaxabiso
Njengezinto ezimbini eziphambili ze-styrene, iindlela zamaxabiso ze-benzene kunye ne-ethylene zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isakhiwo seendleko ze-styrene. Kutshanje, amaxabiso e-oyile ekrwada aguqukayo kumazwe ngamazwe akhokelele ekungazinzini kwimarike yezinto ezikrwada eziphezulu. Inzuzo yemveliso ye-styrene isondele kumgca weendleko, ibeka uxinzelelo kubavelisi. Abathathi-nxaxheba kwimarike bajonga ngokusondeleyo ukuguquguquka kweoyile ekrwada kunye neekowuteshini zokungenisa i-benzene ukuze bavavanye amandla enkxaso yeendleko ze-styrene.
Gxila ekuQalisweni koMbane oMtsha oQokelelweyo
Njengomvelisi omkhulu kunye nomthengi we-styrene kwihlabathi, isantya sokwanda kwamandla eTshayina sitsale ingqalelo enkulu. Ukususela ngo-2023 ukuya ku-2024, izityalo ezininzi ezinkulu ze-styrene eTshayina ziye zaqaliswa ukusebenza okanye ziyi-即将投产, ezifana nesityalo esitsha seshishini le-petrochemical esakhiwe ngokutsha esiziitoni ezingama-600,000 ngonyaka, esisebenze kakuhle. Oku akukhulisi nje kuphela ukunikezelwa kwemarike kodwa kukwaqinisa imeko yokhuphiswano ngaphakathi kushishino. Ukukhululwa kwamandla amatsha kutshintsha kancinci ukuhamba korhwebo lwe-styrene lwengingqi kunye nolwehlabathi.
Ukwahluka kweemfuno ezisezantsi kunye notshintsho lwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo
Ukusebenza kweemfuno kuyahluka kumashishini angaphantsi komhlaba afana ne-PS, i-ABS, kunye ne-EPS. Phakathi kwazo, ishishini le-EPS lifumana utshintsho olucacileyo ngenxa yemfuno yokufakelwa kwezinto zokwakha ngexesha lonyaka kunye nokusetyenziswa kokupakisha; imfuno ye-ABS inxulumene kakhulu nedatha yemveliso yezixhobo zasekhaya kunye neemoto kunye nokuthengiswa. Amanqanaba empahla yesitayile kumazibuko amakhulu abe luphawu oluphambili lokujonga ibhalansi yokubonelela ngemfuno, kunye notshintsho lwempahla oluchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iimvakalelo zemarike kunye neendlela zamaxabiso.
III. Iindlela Zoshishino: Utshintsho Oluluhlaza kunye noPhuhliso Oluphezulu
Xa sijonga phambili, ishishini le-styrene liyaguquka liye kwezi ndlela zilandelayo ziphambili:
Ukwahlukahluka kunye nokuHlaza kweNdlela zeZinto eziLuhlaza
Ngokwesiko, i-styrene iveliswa kakhulu ngenkqubo yokukhupha i-ethylbenzene. Okwangoku, ubuchwepheshe "be-styrene eluhlaza" obusekwe kwi-biomass okanye kwi-chemical recycling yeplastiki yenkunkuma buphantsi kophando nophuhliso, lujolise ekunciphiseni i-carbon footprints kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwehlabathi. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokuvelisa ngokubambisana ye-PO/SM, evelisa i-propylene kunye ne-styrene ngendlela ye-propane dehydrogenation (PDH), ifumene udumo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kwezoqoqosho.
Umthamo oqhubekayo wokuFuduka ukuya eMpuma kunye noKhuphiswano oluQinisekileyo
Ngokwakhiwa kweeprojekthi ezinkulu zokucocwa kunye neekhemikhali ezidityanisiweyo eMpuma Asia, ingakumbi eTshayina, amandla e-styrene yehlabathi ayaqhubeka nokugxila kwimimandla egxile kubathengi. Oku kutshintsha ulwakhiwo lwemarike yengingqi kunye neemfuno, kuqinisa ukhuphiswano lwemarike, kwaye kubeka iimfuno eziphezulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwabavelisi, ulawulo lweendleko, kunye nobuchule bophuhliso lwejelo elisezantsi.
Iimveliso Eziphezulu Ezikhokelela Ekuphuculeni Imfuno
Imarike yepolymer esekwe kwi-styrene ngokubanzi isondela kancinci kancinci ekugcwalisweni, ngelixa imfuno yezinto eziphuma kuzo ezisebenzayo nezikhethekileyo ikhula ngamandla. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-ABS esebenza kakuhle kwizinto ezilula zezithuthi ezintsha zamandla, izixhobo ze-polystyrene ezilahlekelwa yi-dielectric ephantsi kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano ze-5G, kunye nee-copolymers ezisekwe kwi-styrene ezineempawu zokuthintela eziphuculweyo okanye ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Oku kufuna ukuba ishishini le-styrene elisentla lingajolisi nje kuphela kubonelelo "lobuninzi" kodwa likwasebenzisane namacandelo asezantsi ukuze kuvele izinto ezintsha kwaye kuphuculwe uthotho lwexabiso lemveliso.
Ugxininiso olukhulayo kuQoqosho olujikelezayo kunye nokuHlaziya kwakhona
Iitekhnoloji zokuphinda zisetyenziswe ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokuphinda zisetyenziswe ngamakhemikhali (ukususa ipolymerization ukuze kuphinde kusetyenziswe ii-monomers ze-styrene) zenkunkuma yeplastiki efana ne-polystyrene ziya zikhula ngokukhula. Ukuseka inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenzwe esebenzayo yeeplastiki ezisekelwe kwi-styrene kube yindlela ebalulekileyo kushishino yokuthobela imithetho yokusingqongileyo kunye nokufezekisa uxanduva loluntu, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kwenze umjikelo ovaliweyo "wokuvelisa-ukusetyenziswa-ukuphinda-usetyenziswe-ukuveliswa" kwixesha elizayo.
Ngamafutshane, njengemveliso yekhemikhali esisiseko nebalulekileyo, impembelelo yemarike ye-styrene inxulumene ngokusondeleyo noqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nemijikelo yeempahla. Ngelixa ijongana nemingeni yokuguquguquka kwemarike kwexesha elifutshane, lonke uthotho lwemizi-mveliso ye-styrene luhlola ngenkuthalo iindlela zophuhliso eziluhlaza, ezintsha, kunye neendlela zophuhliso eziphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba le nto iqhelekileyo iyaqhubeka nokuchuma kwixesha elitsha lophuhliso oluzinzileyo kwaye ixhasa inkqubela phambili yamashishini asezantsi.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-29-2025