Ngentsasa yokuqala yomhla we-15 kweyoMnga, ngexesha laseBeijing, iFederal Reserve ibhengeze ukunyusa amazinga enzala ngamanqaku angama-50 esiseko, uluhlu lwezinga lemali yesizwe lunyuswe lwaya kwi-4.25% - 4.50%, elona liphezulu ukusukela ngoJuni ka-2006. Ukongeza, iFed iqikelela ukuba izinga lemali yesizwe liza kufikelela kwi-5.1% kunyaka ozayo, kunye namazinga alindeleke ukuba ehle aye kwi-4.1% ekupheleni kuka-2024 kunye ne-3.1% ekupheleni kuka-2025.
I-Fed inyuse amazinga enzala izihlandlo ezisixhenxe ukusukela ngo-2022, iyonke ingama-425 basis points, kwaye izinga le-Fed funds ngoku liphezulu kwiminyaka eli-15. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso amathandathu kwangaphambili bekungama-25 basis points nge-17 kaMatshi 2022; Ngomhla wesi-5 kuMeyi, inyuse amazinga ngamanqaku angama-50 basis points; Ngomhla we-16 kuJuni, inyuse amazinga ngamanqaku angama-75 basis points; Ngomhla wama-28 kuJulayi, inyuse amazinga ngamanqaku angama-75 basis points; Ngomhla wama-22 kuSeptemba, ngexesha laseBeijing, izinga lenzala linyuke ngamanqaku angama-75 basis points. Ngomhla wesi-3 kuNovemba inyuse amazinga ngamanqaku angama-75 basis points.
Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka intsholongwane entsha ye-coronavirus ngo-2020, amazwe amaninzi, kuquka ne-US, aye asebenzisa "amanzi akhululekileyo" ukuze ajongane nempembelelo yobhubhane. Ngenxa yoko, uqoqosho luye lwaphucuka, kodwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuye kwanda. Iibhanki eziphambili zehlabathi zinyuse amazinga enzala malunga nezihlandlo ezingama-275 kulo nyaka, ngokutsho kweBank of America, kwaye ezingaphezu kwama-50 zenze intshukumo enye ye-75 basis point kulo nyaka, ezinye zilandela i-Fed phambili ngokunyuka okuphindaphindiweyo okunamandla.
Njengoko ixabiso le-RMB lihla phantse nge-15%, ukungeniswa kweekhemikhali kuya kuba nzima nangakumbi
I-Federal Reserve isebenzise idola njengemali yehlabathi yaza yanyusa amazinga enzala kakhulu. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2022, isalathisi sedola siqhubekile nokuqina, ngenzuzo eqokelelweyo ye-19.4% ngeli xesha. Njengoko i-US Federal Reserve ikhokela ekunyuseni amazinga enzala ngamandla, inani elikhulu lamazwe asaphuhlayo lijongene noxinzelelo olukhulu olufana nokuhla kwexabiso leemali zawo xa kuthelekiswa nedola yaseMelika, ukuphuma kwemali, ukunyuka kweendleko zezimali kunye neenkonzo zamatyala, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso angeniswayo, kunye nokuguquguquka kweemarike zeempahla, kwaye imakethi iyaqhubeka nokuphelelwa lithemba ngamathuba ayo ezoqoqosho.
Ukunyuka kwenzala yedola yaseMelika kwenze idola yaseMelika yabuya, ixabiso ledola yaseMelika liyakhula, ixabiso lemali lamanye amazwe liyahla, kwaye i-RMB ayizukuba yinto eyahlukileyo. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, i-RMB iye yehla kakhulu, kwaye ixabiso le-RMB lehla phantse nge-15% xa izinga lokutshintshiselana kwe-RMB xa kuthelekiswa nedola yaseMelika liye lehla.
Ngokwamava angaphambili, emva kokwehla kwexabiso le-RMB, amashishini epetroleum kunye neekhemikhali, iintsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous, izindlu kunye nezinye iimboni ziya kudibana nokuwa okwethutyana. Ngokutsho kweSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, ama-32% eentlobo zelizwe azikabi nanto kwaye ama-52% asaxhomekeke ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe. Ezifana neekhemikhali ze-elektroniki eziphezulu, izixhobo ezisebenzayo eziphezulu, i-polyolefin ephezulu, njl.njl., kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoqoqosho kunye nokuphila kwabantu.
Ngowama-2021, umthamo weekhemikhali ezingeniswayo kwilizwe lam udlule kwi-40 yezigidi zeetoni, apho ukuxhomekeka kwe-potassium chloride ekungenisweni kwayo bekuphezulu ukuya kwi-57.5%, ukuxhomekeka kwe-MMA ngaphandle kudlule kwi-60%, kwaye izinto ezikrwada zeekhemikhali ezifana ne-PX kunye ne-methanol ezingeniswayo zidlule kwi-10 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2021.
Kwicandelo lokugquma, izinto ezininzi ezikrwada zikhethwa kwiimveliso zaphesheya. Umzekelo, iDisman kwishishini le-epoxy resin, iMitsubishi kunye neSanyi kwishishini le-solvent; iBASF, iJapan Flower Poster kwishishini le-foam; iSika kunye neVisber kwishishini le-curing agent; iDuPont kunye ne-3M kwishishini le-wetting agent; iWak, iRonia, iDexian; iKomu, iHunsmai, iConnoos kwishishini le-titanium pink; iBayer kunye neLangson kwishishini le-pigment.
Ukwehla kwexabiso le-RMB ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kukhokelela ekonyukeni kwexabiso lezinto zeekhemikhali ezingeniswayo kwaye kunciphise inzuzo yamashishini kwimizi-mveliso emininzi. Ngexesha elifanayo njengoko iindleko zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe zisanda, ukungaqiniseki kobhubhane kuyanda, kwaye kunzima nangakumbi ukufumana izinto ezikrwada eziphezulu zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Amashishini athumela izinto kwamanye amazwe awazange abe nempumelelo enkulu, kwaye ukhuphiswano alunamandla
Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukwehla kwexabiso lemali kukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo ethetha iindaba ezimnandi kwiinkampani ezithumela kwamanye amazwe. Izinto ezixabisa iidola zaseMelika, ezifana neoyile kunye neembotyi zesoya, ziya kunyusa amaxabiso "ngokungakhathaliyo", ngaloo ndlela zonyusa iindleko zemveliso yehlabathi. Ngenxa yokuba idola yaseMelika ixabisekile, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuya kubonakala kungabizi kakhulu kwaye umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe uya kwanda. Kodwa eneneni, olu tshintsho lokunyuka kwenzala kwihlabathi liphela lukwazise ukwehla kwexabiso leemali ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, iindidi ezingama-36 zemali ehlabathini ziye zehla ubuncinane isinye kwishumi, kwaye i-lira yaseTurkey yehla ngama-95%. I-Vietnamese Shield, i-Thai baht, i-Philippine Peso, kunye ne-Korean Monsters ziye zafikelela kwinqanaba elitsha kwiminyaka emininzi. Ukunyuka kwe-RMB kwimali engeyiyo idola yaseMelika, ukwehla kwexabiso le-renminbi kuxhomekeke kuphela kwidola yaseMelika. Ngokwembono ye-yen, i-euro, kunye neepawundi zaseBritane, i-yuan iseyi "xabiso". Kumazwe ajolise ekuthumeleni ngaphandle afana neSouth Korea neJapan, ukwehla kwexabiso lemali kuthetha iingenelo zokuthunyelwa ngaphandle, kwaye ukwehla kwexabiso le-renminbi ngokucacileyo akukhuphisani njengezi mali, kwaye iingenelo ezifunyenweyo azikho nkulu.
Iingcali zezoqoqosho zibonise ukuba ingxaki ekhoyo ngoku yokuqinisa imali kwihlabathi liphela imelwe kakhulu ngumgaqo-nkqubo wokunyuka kwenzala ogqithisileyo we-Fed. Umgaqo-nkqubo wemali oqhubekayo we-Fed uya kuba nefuthe elibi kwihlabathi liphela, uchaphazele uqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngenxa yoko, amanye amazwe asakhulayo anemiphumo emibi efana nokuphuma kwemali, ukunyuka kweendleko zokungenisa impahla, kunye nokwehla kwexabiso lemali yawo kwilizwe lawo, kwaye kutyhalele phambili amathuba okuba kubekho ukungahlawuli amatyala amakhulu kunye namazwe asakhulayo amatyala aphezulu. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, oku kunyuka kwenzala kunokubangela ukuba urhwebo lwangaphakathi nolwelizwe lucinezelwe ngeendlela ezimbini, kwaye ishishini leekhemikhali liya kuba nefuthe elinzulu. Ngokuphathelele ukuba ingancitshiswa na ngo-2023, kuya kuxhomekeka kwizenzo eziqhelekileyo zoqoqosho ezininzi kwihlabathi, kungekhona ukusebenza komntu ngamnye.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-20-2022