I-OXALIC ACID

I-oxalic acidsisithako sendalo. Uhlobo lwekhemikhali yi-H₂C₂O₄. Yimveliso ye-metabolic yezinto eziphilayo. Yi-acid ebuthathaka enamacandelo amabini. Isasazwa ngokubanzi kwizityalo, izilwanyana kunye nemizimba yefungus. Yenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, i-oxalic acid idla ngokuthathwa njenge-antagonist yokufunxa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zeminerali. I-anhydride yayo yi-carbon trioxide.

Iimpawu:Iphepha le-monoclinic elingenambala okanye i-prismatic crystal okanye umgubo omhlophe, i-oxalic acid ayinavumba ngenxa ye-oxidation, incasa ye-oxalic acid ngenxa ye-synthesis. I-Sublimation kwi-150 ~ 160 ℃. Ingagutyungelwa emoyeni oshushu nowomileyo. I-1g iyanyibilika emanzini ayi-7mL, amanzi abilayo ayi-2mL, i-ethanol eyi-2.5mL, i-ethanol ebilayo eyi-1.8mL, i-100mL ether, i-5.5mL glycerin, kwaye ayinyibiliki kwi-benzene, i-chloroform kunye ne-petroleum ether. Isisombululo se-0.1mol/L sine-pH eyi-1.3. Ubuninzi (amanzi =1) yi-1.653. Iqondo lokunyibilika yi-189.5 ℃.

Iimpawu zekhemikhali:I-oxalic acid, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-glycolic acid, ifumaneka kakhulu ekutyeni kwezityalo. I-oxalic acid yikristale engenambala, enyibilikayo emanzini kunokuba inyibilike kwi-organic solvents ezifana ne-ether,

I-Oxalate inefuthe elinamandla lokusebenzisana kwaye lolunye uhlobo lwe-metal chelating agent ekutyeni kwezityalo. Xa i-oxalic acid idityaniswe nezinye izinto ze-alkaline earth metal, ukunyibilika kwayo kuncipha kakhulu, njengokuba i-calcium oxalate iphantse inganyibiliki emanzini. Ke ngoko, ubukho be-oxalic acid bunefuthe elikhulu kwi-bioavailability yeeminerali ezibalulekileyo; Xa i-oxalic acid idityaniswe nezinye izinto ze-transitional metal, ii-soluble complexes zenziwa ngenxa yesenzo sokusebenzisana se-oxalic acid, kwaye ukunyibilika kwazo kukhula kakhulu.

I-oxalic acid yaqala ukunyibilika kwi-100℃, yanyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwi-125℃, yaza yanyibilika kakhulu kwi-157℃, yaza yaqala ukubola.

Ingasabela kunye ne-alkali, ingenza i-esterification, i-acyl halogenation, i-amide reaction. Iimpendulo zokunciphisa nazo zinokwenzeka, kwaye iimpendulo ze-decarboxylation zingenzeka phantsi kobushushu. I-Anhydrous oxalic acid i-hygroscopic. I-Oxalic acid yenza ii-complexes ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezineentsimbi ezininzi.

I-oxalate eqhelekileyo:1, iSodium oxalate;2, iPotassium oxalate;3, iCalcium oxalate;4, iFerrous oxalate;5, iAntimony oxalate;6, iAmmonium hydrogen oxalate;7, iMagnesium oxalate 8, iLithium oxalate.

Isicelo:

1. I-complexing agent, i-masking agent, i-precipitating agent, i-reducing agent. Isetyenziselwa ukumisela i-beryllium, i-calcium, i-chromium, igolide, i-manganese, i-strontium, i-thorium kunye nezinye ii-ion zesinyithi. Uhlalutyo lwe-picocrystal lwe-sodium kunye nezinye izinto. I-precipitate calcium, i-magnesium, i-thorium kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Isisombululo esiqhelekileyo sokulinganisa izisombululo ze-potassium permanganate kunye ne-cerous sulfate. I-Bleach. Uncedo lwedayi. Ingasetyenziselwa ukususa umhlwa kwiimpahla kwishishini lezakhiwo ngaphambi kokubrasha udonga lwangaphandle, kuba i-alkaline yodonga inamandla kufuneka uqale ubrashe i-oxalic acid alkali.

2. Ishishini lamayeza elisetyenziswa ekwenzeni i-aureomycin, i-oxytetracycline, i-streptomycin, i-borneol, i-vitamin B12, i-phenobarbital kunye nezinye iziyobisi. Ishishini lokuprinta kunye nokudaya lisetyenziswa njengoncedo lombala, i-bleach, i-medical intermediate. Ishishini leplastiki lokuvelisa i-PVC, iiplastiki ze-amino, iiplastiki ze-urea-formaldehyde.

3. Isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuvuselela ukwenziwa kwe-phenolic resin, i-catalytic reaction ithambile, inkqubo izinzile, kwaye ubude bayo bubude kakhulu. Isisombululo se-acetone oxalate sinokuvuselela i-epoxy resin kwaye sinciphise ixesha lokuphilisa. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-synthetic urea formaldehyde resin, i-melamine formaldehyde resin pH regulator. Ingongezwa kwi-polyvinyl formaldehyde water-soluble adhesive ukuphucula isantya sokomisa kunye namandla okubopha. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-urea formaldehyde resin curing agent, i-metal ion chelating agent. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-accelerant yokulungiselela i-starch adhesives ene-KMnO4 oxidant ukukhawulezisa isantya se-oxidation kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphendula.

Njengearhente yokumhlopheza:

I-oxalic acid isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-reducing agent kunye ne-bleach, isetyenziswa kwimveliso yee-antibiotics kunye ne-borneol kunye nezinye iziyobisi, kunye nokucoca i-rare metals solvent, i-dye reducing agent, i-tanning agent, njl.

I-oxalic acid ingasetyenziswa nakwimveliso yee-catalysts ze-cobalt-molybdenum-aluminium, ukucoca iintsimbi kunye neemabula, kunye nokumhlophelisa amalaphu.

Isetyenziselwa ukucoca nokulungisa umphezulu wesinyithi, ukutsalwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ukuprintwa nokudaywa kwelaphu, ukucubungula ulusu, ukulungiselela i-catalyst, njl.

Njengearhente yokunciphisa:

Kwishishini le-organic synthesis, i-hydroquinone, i-pentaerythritol, i-cobalt oxalate, i-nickel oxalate, i-gallic acid kunye nezinye iimveliso zeekhemikhali zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso.

Ishishini leplastiki lemveliso yePVC, iiplastiki ze-amino, iiplastiki ze-urea – formaldehyde, ipeyinti, njl.

Ishishini ledayi lisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa isiseko esiluhlaza njalo njalo.

Ishishini lokuprinta nokudaya linokuthatha indawo ye-acetic acid, esetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuncedisa umbala wedayi yepigment, kunye ne-agent yokudaya.

Ishishini lamayeza elenzelwe ukwenziwa kwe-aureomycin, i-tetracycline, i-streptomycin, ne-ephedrine.

Ukongeza, i-oxalic acid ingasetyenziswa ekuqulunqweni kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo ze-oxalate ester, i-oxalate kunye ne-oxalamide, kwaye i-diethyl oxalate, i-sodium oxalate, i-calcium oxalate kunye nezinye iimveliso zezona zivelisa kakhulu.

Indlela yokugcina:

1. Yivale kwindawo eyomileyo nepholileyo. Ayinamanzi, ayingeni manzi kwaye ayingeni elangeni. Ubushushu bokugcina akufuneki budlule kwi-40℃.

2. Gcina kude nee-oxides kunye nezinto ze-alkaline. Sebenzisa iingxowa ezilukiweyo ze-polypropylene ezifakwe iingxowa zeplastiki, ezingama-25kg ngengxowa.

Lilonke, i-oxalic acid yikhemikhali esetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu zayo ziyenza ibe lukhetho olufanelekileyo lokucoca, ukucokisa kunye nokufunxa, kwaye inezicelo ezininzi kwiimveliso zelaphu, zegadi kunye nezentsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okhuseleko xa usebenzisa le khemikhali, kuba inetyhefu kwaye inokuba yingozi ukuba ayiphathwanga kakuhle.