Njengenye yeekhemikhali zotywala ezisisiseko ezinomthamo omkhulu kwihlabathi, i-ethanol iyaqhubeka nokukhula kwayo kwimarike. Imfuno edibeneyo ye-ethanol yepetroli, izinyibilikisi zoshishino, ukubulala iintsholongwane kwamayeza kunye neekhemikhali ezikhuthaza ukukhula. Okwangoku i-bioethanol enekhabhoni ephantsi kunye ne-sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) zenza imisonto emitsha yophuhliso eguqula imveliso yehlabathi kunye neendawo zorhwebo. Imarike ye-ethanol yehlabathi ifikelele malunga ne-USD 73.1 yezigidigidi ngo-2025. I-United States isebenzisa ukutya kombona kwaye iBrazil ixhomekeke kumoba ukwakha iziseko ezibini ezinkulu zemveliso, apho umthamo we-ethanol wase-US ufikelela kwi-15.8 yeebhiliyoni zeegaloni kunye neBrazil 8.2 yeebhiliyoni zeegaloni. Amazwe aseMelika alawula iimarike zokuthumela ngaphandle zehlabathi ixesha elide.
I-Ethanol ihlulwe ngokwezinga lamafutha, izinga lemizi-mveliso kunye nezinga leyeza. I-ethanol yepetroli yenza icandelo elikhulu lokusetyenziswa. Imigaqo-nkqubo yokuxuba ipetroli kumazwe ngamazwe ixhasa imfuno yenqanaba lesiseko. Inkqubo yokuxuba i-E20 yaseIndiya iyaqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili, isenza i-Asia Pacific ibe yimarike ekhula ngokukhawuleza ngesantya sokukhula kwe-compound ye-3.5%. Emva kobhubhane, amacandelo okubulala iintsholongwane kumayeza kunye nokhathalelo lomntu agcina ukuthengwa okuzinzileyo kwe-ethanol yenqanaba leyeza. I-ethanol ecocekileyo kakhulu igcina imfuno eqinileyo yehlabathi. Ngaphandle koko, i-ethanol isebenza njengesixhobo esiphakathi seekhemikhali sokwenza i-acetic acid, ii-acrylate esters kunye nezinye izinto eziphuma kuyo, iphakamisa ngokuthe chu umthamo wokusetyenziswa kumacandelo eekhemikhali.
Utshintsho olukhulu kwimarike luvela kwindlela ephantsi yekhabhoni. Ngelixa izithuthi zombane zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-ethanol ngaxeshanye, i-SAF idala amathuba angakumbi. Iitekhnoloji ze-ethanol ukuya kwi-jet fuel zikhawulezisa ukuthengiswa, kunye nee-odolo ezininzi zokuthenga zexesha elide ezisayiniweyo, umthamo wokusebenzisa owawubekelwe ekuqaleni amafutha okuthutha. Kwiimarike zaseYurophu naseMelika, i-bioethanol eneziqinisekiso zekhredithi yekhabhoni iqinisekisa iiprimiyamu zamaxabiso. Iimpawu zezithambiso kunye nezamayeza zisebenza ngokuzimisela ekufumaneni i-ethanol enekhabhoni ephantsi ukunciphisa umkhondo wekhabhoni yokuhambisa. Iitekhnoloji ze-CCS (ukubamba kunye nokugcina ikhabhoni) ezisetyenziswa kwizityalo ze-ethanol ziphucula ngakumbi iziqinisekiso zendalo zemveliso.
Ngokwembono yorhwebo, amazwe aseMelika asebenza njengabathumeli-mpahla abaphambili ngelixa iAsia Pacific, ummandla otya kakhulu, ingenisa imithamo emikhulu ye-ethanol yemizi-mveliso neyemithi. Amaxabiso eenkozo achaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zemveliso ye-ethanol; ukuvunwa okukhulu kombona kunye nomoba kuzisa uncedo, ngelixa ukunciphisa isivuno sezityalo kunyusa amanani e-ethanol aphesheya. Ukuguquguquka kwemithwalo yolwandle, ukuxinana kweechweba kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yerhafu yokuthumela ngaphandle kwelizwe nayo itshintsha iindleko ezikwindawo ethile. Amandla engingqi yaseAsia ayaqhubeka nokukhula. ITshayina neIndiya ziphucula izibonelelo ze-ethanol yemizi-mveliso ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiimveliso ezithile ezikumgangatho ophezulu, nangona imfuno iyaqhubeka ye-ethanol ye-pharma grade engeniswayo ecocekileyo kakhulu.
Eli shishini lijongene nemingeni emibini. I-ethanol esekelwe kwiinkozo ixhomekeke ekutshintsheni kwamaxabiso ezinto eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwezolimo. Okwangoku, iziqinisekiso eziphantsi zekhabhoni kunye nemigangatho yokubalwa kwekhabhoni kumazwe ngamazwe ziphakamisa iindleko zokuthobela imithetho yorhwebo oluwela imida. Amaziko aqikelela ukuba i-ethanol yemizi-mveliso yehlabathi iya kubhalisa izinga lokukhula eliphakathi le-2.5% ukusuka ngo-2026 2035, ifikelele kwiilitha ezili-165.18 zeebhiliyoni ngo-2035. Utshintsho oluluhlaza kunye nophuhliso lwemveliso olukumgangatho ophezulu kuya kuba yimixholo ephambili yokhuphiswano kushishino. Abavelisi abanezixhobo eziluhlaza ezizinzileyo kunye neziqinisekiso ezipheleleyo zekhabhoni ephantsi baya kufumana amathuba amakhulu emarike yaphesheya.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-16-2026