Ingozi yokuhlaselwa koololiwe isondela
Izityalo ezininzi zeekhemikhali zinokunyanzeleka ukuba ziyeke ukusebenza
Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lwamva nje olukhutshwe yi-US Chemistry Council ACC, ukuba uloliwe wase-US ukwiphulo elikhulu ngoDisemba, kulindeleke ukuba uchaphazele i-$2.8 yeebhiliyoni zeemveliso zeekhemikhali ngeveki. Olu qhankqalazo lwenyanga enye luza kubangela malunga ne-$160 yeebhiliyoni kuqoqosho lwase-US, okulingana ne-1% ye-GDP yase-US.
Ishishini lokuvelisa iikhemikhali laseMelika lelinye lawona bathengi baninzi kuloliwe wempahla kwaye lithutha oololiwe abangaphezu kwama-33,000 ngeveki. I-ACC imele iinkampani kwimizi-mveliso, amandla, amayeza kunye neminye imveliso. Amalungu aquka i-3M, iTao Chemical, iDuPont, iExxonMobil, iChevron kunye nezinye iinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe.
Umzimba wonke uyashukuma. Ngenxa yokuba iimveliso zeekhemikhali zizinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso emininzi. Xa ukuvalwa koololiwe kubangele ukuthuthwa kweemveliso zemizi-mveliso yeekhemikhali, zonke iinkalo zoqoqosho lwaseMelika ziya kutsalelwa kwindawo emanzi.
Ngokutsho kukaJeff Sloan, umlawuli ophezulu we-ACC transportation policy, i-week yenkampani kaloliwe ikhuphe isicwangciso soqhankqalazo ngoSeptemba, ngenxa yesoyikiso soqhankqalazo, uloliwe wayeka ukufumana iimpahla, kwaye inani lokuthuthwa kweekhemikhali lehla ngoololiwe baka-1975. “Uqhankqalazo olukhulu lukwathetha ukuba kwiveki yokuqala yeenkonzo zikaloliwe, izityalo ezininzi zeekhemikhali ziya kunyanzeleka ukuba zivale,” wongeze watsho uSloan.
Okwangoku, imibutho yoololiwe esi-7 kwi-12 ivumile isivumelwano soololiwe esingenelelwe yi-US Congress, kuquka i-24% yonyuso lomvuzo kunye neebhonasi ezongezelelweyo ze-$5,000; imibutho emithathu ivotele ukwaliwa, kwaye emibini neyesibini yayiyenye. Ivoti ayikagqitywa.
Ukuba imibutho emibini eseleyo iyamkele isivumelwano esimiselweyo, iBMWED kunye neBRS ekuvuseleleni imibutho ziya kuqala ugwayimbo ngomhla wesi-5 kweyoMnga. Nangona abavelisi beebhoyila abancinci bamazwe ngamazwe beza kuvotela ukuvuselelwa, baya kuhlala bekwixesha elizolileyo. Qhubeka uthethathethwano.
Ukuba imeko iphambene, imibutho emibini nayo yalile isivumelwano, ngoko ke umhla wabo wokuqhankqalaza yi-9 kaDisemba. I-BMWED ngaphambili yathi i-BRS ayikavezi ingxelo yayo kunye nokuqhankqalaza kwemibutho emibini eseleyo.
Kodwa nokuba kuza kuvela ithuba lokuba kuphume imibutho emithathu okanye kube lixesha lokuba kuphume imibutho emihlanu, kuza kuba yinto embi kakhulu kuyo yonke imboni yaseMelika.
Ukuchitha i-$7 yeebhiliyoni
ISaudi Aramco iceba ukwakha umzi-mveliso eMzantsi Korea
ISaudi Aramco ithe ngoLwesine iceba ukutyala imali eyi-7 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwisityalo seS-Oil, inkampani yayo yaseMzantsi Korea, ukuze ivelise iikhemikhali zepetrochemicals ezixabisa kakhulu.
I-S-Oil yinkampani yokucoca eSouth Korea, kwaye iSaudi Arabia inezabelo zayo ezingaphezulu kwama-63% ezimele inkampani yayo.
ISaudi Arabia ichaze kwingxelo ukuba le projekthi ibizwa ngokuba yi "Shaheen (ngesiArabhu, yi-eagle)", olu lolona tyalo-mali lukhulu eMzantsi Korea. Isixhobo sokuqhekeka komphunga we-Petrochemical. Ijolise ekwakheni indawo enkulu yokuhluza edibeneyo kunye nenye yezona yunithi zinkulu zokuqhekeka komphunga we-petrochemical kwihlabathi.
Ukwakhiwa kwesityalo esitsha kuza kuqala ngo-2023 kwaye kugqitywe ngo-2026. ISaudi Arabia ithe amandla okuvelisa ngonyaka ale fektri aza kufikelela kwiitoni ezizizigidi ezi-3.2 zeemveliso zepetrochemical. Isixhobo sokuqhekeka komphunga wepetrochemical kulindeleke ukuba sijongane neemveliso eziveliswa yi-crude oil processing, kuquka ukuveliswa kwe-ethylene enepetroleum kunye negesi yokukhupha umoya. Esi sixhobo kulindeleke ukuba sivelise i-acryl, i-butyl, kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezisisiseko.
Ingxelo ibonise ukuba emva kokuba iprojekthi igqityiwe, umlinganiselo weemveliso zepetrochemical kwi-S-OIL uza kuphindaphindeka kabini ukuya kuma-25%.
I-CEO yaseSaudi Arabia u-Amin Nasser uthe kwingxelo yakhe ukuba ukukhula kwemfuno ye-petrochemical yehlabathi kulindeleke ukuba kukhawuleze, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba iimveliso ze-petrochemical kuqoqosho lwaseAsia ziyakhula. Le projekthi inokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo zommandla wasekuhlaleni.
Ngomhla omnye (we-17), iNkosana yaseSaudi Arabia uMohammed Ben Salman utyelele eMzantsi Korea kwaye kulindeleke ukuba axoxe ngentsebenziswano yexesha elizayo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini. Iinkokeli zoshishino zala mazwe mabini zityikitye iimemorandam ezingaphezu kwama-20 phakathi kukarhulumente kunye namashishini ngaphambili ngoLwesine, kuquka iziseko zophuhliso, ishishini leekhemikhali, amandla ahlaziyekayo, kunye nemidlalo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwezinto ezikrwada akubandakanyi ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okupheleleyo
Oku kuya kuyichaphazela njani imboni ye-petrochemical?
Kutshanje, iKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo lweSizwe kunye ne-National Bureau of Statistics zikhuphe "Isaziso malunga noLawulo oluNye endaweni yoLawulo loSetyenziso lwaMandla" (esibizwa ngokuba "yiSaziso"), esazisa ngelungiselelo ", iHydrocarbon, utywala, iammonia kunye nezinye iimveliso, amalahle, ioyile, igesi yendalo kunye neemveliso zazo, njl.njl., ziluhlu lwezinto ezisetyenziswayo." Kwixesha elizayo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwala malahle, ipetroli, igesi yendalo kunye neemveliso zayo akusayi kubandakanywa kulawulo lokusetyenziswa kwamandla olupheleleyo.
Ngokwembono "yeSaziso", uninzi lokusetyenziswa kwamalahle, ioyile, igesi yendalo kunye neemveliso zayo ngaphandle kwamandla kunxulumene kakhulu nomzi-mveliso we-petrochemical kunye neekhemikhali.
Ngoko ke, kumashishini e-petrochemical kunye neekhemikhali, ingakanani impembelelo esetyenziswa ngamandla aluhlaza kwixabiso lilonke lokusetyenziswa kwamandla?
Ngomhla we-16, uMeng Wei, isithethi seKhomishini yoPhuhliso noHlaziyo yeSizwe, uthe kwinkomfa yabezindaba ngoNovemba ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza kungancitshiswa ngokwesayensi nangokwecala ukuze kubonakaliswe imeko yokwenyani yokusetyenziswa kwamandla eekhemikhali zepetroli, ishishini leekhemikhali zamalahle kunye namanye amashishini anxulumene noko, kwaye kuphuculwe ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla iyonke. Ukuqina kolawulo lobungakanani kukubonelela ngendawo yophuhliso olusemgangathweni ophezulu, ukubonelela ngesiqinisekiso sokusetyenziswa kwamandla okufanelekileyo kweeprojekthi ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nokuxhasa inkxaso exhasayo yokuqinisa ukuqina kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso.
Kwangaxeshanye, uMeng Wei ugxininise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza ukuze kuncitshiswe imali akukokunciphisa iimfuno zophuhliso lwamashishini afana neshishini leekhemikhali zepetrochemical kunye nezamalahle, kwaye akukokukhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kweeprojekthi ezinxulumeneyo ngokungaboniyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuphumeza ngokungqongqo iimfuno zokufikelela kwiprojekthi, kunye nokuqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukonga amandla kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-25-2022