Ngomhla wesi-2 ku-Epreli, ngo-2025, uDonald Trump watyikitya imiyalelo emibini "yerhafu yokubuyiselana" kwiWhite House, ebeka irhafu "encinci yesiseko" ye-10% kumaqabane orhwebo angaphezu kwama-40 apho i-US iqhuba khona ukusilela korhwebo. I-China ijongene nerhafu ye-34%, edibene nereyithingi ekhoyo ye-20%, iya kuba yi-54%. Ngomhla wesi-7 ku-Epreli, i-US yandisa uxinzelelo ngakumbi, isoyikisa irhafu eyongezelelweyo ye-50% kwiimpahla zaseTshayina ukususela ngomhla wesi-9 ku-Epreli. Kubandakanya ukunyuka okuthathu kwangaphambili, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-China e-US kunokujongana nerhafu ephezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-104%. Ukuphendula, i-China iza kubeka irhafu ye-34% kwiimpahla ezingeniswayo ezivela e-US Oku kuya kuyichaphazela njani imboni yasekhaya yeekhemikhali?
Ngokwedatha ka-2024 malunga nokungeniswa kweekhemikhali ezingama-20 eziphambili eTshayina ezivela e-US, ezi mveliso zigxile kakhulu kwi-propane, i-polyethylene, i-ethylene glycol, igesi yendalo, ioyile ekrwada, amalahle, kunye nee-catalysts—ikakhulu izinto eziluhlaza, iimpahla eziphambili ezicutshungulwayo, kunye nee-catalysts ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yeekhemikhali. Phakathi kwazo, ii-hydrocarbons ezigcweleyo ze-acyclic kunye ne-propane ekrwada zibanga i-98.7% kunye ne-59.3% yokungeniswa kwe-US, kunye nomthamo ofikelela kwiitoni ezingama-553,000 kunye neetoni ezili-1.73 lezigidi, ngokwahlukeneyo. Ixabiso lokungeniswa kwe-propane ekrwada yodwa lifikelele kwi-$11.11 yeebhiliyoni. Ngelixa ioyile ekrwada, igesi yendalo ekrwada, kunye namalahle okucola nawo enamaxabiso aphezulu okungeniswa, izabelo zawo zonke zingaphantsi kwe-10%, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zithathelwe indawo ngakumbi kunezinye iimveliso zeekhemikhali. Iirhafu zokubuyiselana zinokunyusa iindleko zokungenisa kwaye zinciphise umthamo weempahla ezifana ne-propane, okunokuthi kunyuse iindleko zemveliso kunye nokuqinisa ukunikezelwa kwezinto eziphuma kumjelo osezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo kwi-oyile ekrwada, igesi yendalo, kunye nokuthengiswa kwamalahle aqhotsiweyo kulindeleke ukuba inciphe.
Kwicala lokuthumela ngaphandle, iikhemikhali ezingama-20 eziphambili eTshayina ezithunyelwe eMelika ngo-2024 bezilawulwa ziiplastiki kunye neemveliso ezinxulumene nazo, amafutha eminerali, iioyile zeminerali kunye neemveliso ze-distillation, iikhemikhali ze-organic, iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, kunye neemveliso zerabha. Iiplastiki zodwa ziqulathe izinto ezili-12 kwezingama-20 eziphambili, apho ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kuxabisa i-$17.69 yeebhiliyoni. Uninzi lweekhemikhali ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eziya eMelika zenza ngaphantsi kwe-30% yenani lilonke laseTshayina, kunye neeglavu ze-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) eziphezulu kwi-46.2%. Uhlengahlengiso lwerhafu lunokuchaphazela iiplastiki, amafutha eminerali, kunye neemveliso zerabha, apho iTshayina inesabelo esiphezulu sokuthumela ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yeenkampani zaseTshayina kwihlabathi liphela inokunceda ukunciphisa ezinye zeengxaki zerhafu.
Ngokuchasene nokunyuka kwamaxabiso eerhafu, ukuguquguquka komgaqo-nkqubo kunokuphazamisa imfuno kunye namaxabiso eekhemikhali ezithile. Kwimarike yokuthumela ngaphandle eMelika, iindidi ezinkulu ezifana neemveliso zeplastiki kunye namatayara zinokujamelana noxinzelelo olukhulu. Kwimpahla evela eMelika, izinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu njengepropane kunye ne-saturated acyclic hydrocarbons, ezixhomekeke kakhulu kubaboneleli baseMelika, zinokubona impembelelo ebonakalayo kuzinzo lwamaxabiso kunye nokhuseleko lokubonelela ngeemveliso zeekhemikhali ezisezantsi.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-18-2025