Luza kuya phi uRhwebo lweMichiza yaseTshayina-yaseMelika phakathi kokuNyuswa kweRhafu?

Ngomhla wesi-2 ku-Epreli ngo-2025, uDonald Trump watyikitya imiyalelo emibini yolawulo “yentlawulo yokubuyisana” kwi-White House, ebeka i-10% “yexabiso elisezantsi lesiseko” kumaqabane orhwebo angaphezu kwama-40 apho i-US iqhuba intsilelo yorhwebo. I-China ijongene nomrhumo wama-34%, wona, xa udityaniswa nomlinganiselo okhoyo wama-20%, uya kuxabisa i-54%. Ngomhla we-7 ka-Epreli, i-US yanda ngakumbi ukuxhatshazwa, isongela irhafu eyongezelelweyo ye-50% kwiimpahla zaseTshayina eziqala ngo-Epreli 9. Kubandakanywa ukunyuka okuthathu kwangaphambili, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China ngaphandle kwe-US kunokujongana neerhafu eziphezulu njenge-104%. Ukuphendula, i-China iya kumisela i-34% yoluhlu lwerhafu kwimpahla evela e-US Ingaba oku kuya kuba nefuthe njani kushishino lweekhemikhali zasekhaya?

Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-2024 kwi-China ephezulu ye-20 yeekhemikhali ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezivela e-US, ezi mveliso zigxilwe ngokukodwa kwi-propane, i-polyethylene, i-ethylene glycol, igesi yendalo, i-oyile ekrwada, amalahle, kunye ne-catalysts-ikakhulukazi izinto eziluhlaza, izinto eziphambili ezicutshungulwayo, kunye ne-catalysts ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali. Phakathi kwazo, i-acyclic hydrocarbons egcweleyo kunye ne-akhawunti ye-propane ene-liquefied ye-98.7% kunye ne-59.3% ye-US ethunyelwa ngaphandle, kunye nemiqulu efikelela kwi-553,000 yeetoni kunye ne-1.73 yezigidi zeetoni, ngokulandelanayo. Ixabiso lokungeniswa kwe-liquefied propane yodwa libethe i-11.11 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Ngelixa i-oyile ekrwada, igesi yendalo enyibilikisiweyo, kunye namalahle okuphekwa ngamalahle nazo zinexabiso eliphezulu lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, izabelo zabo zonke zingaphantsi kwe-10%, nto leyo ezenza ukuba zithathelwe indawo ngakumbi kunezinye iimveliso zekhemikhali. Imirhumo ehambelanayo inokunyusa iindleko zokungenisa elizweni kwaye inciphise umthamo wempahla efana nepropane, enokuthi inyuse iindleko zemveliso kunye nokuqinisa unikezelo lwezinto eziphuma kumazantsi omlambo. Nangona kunjalo, impembelelo kwi-oyile ekrwada, igesi yendalo, kunye namalahle okuphekelwa kwamanye amazwe kulindeleke ukuba ibe mbalwa.

Kwicala lokuthumela ngaphandle, iikhemikhali ezingama-20 eziphezulu zaseTshayina ezithunyelwa e-US ngo-2024 zazilawulwa ziiplastiki kunye neemveliso ezinxulumeneyo, amafutha ezimbiwa, i-oyile yezimbiwa kunye neemveliso zedistillation, iikhemikhali eziphilayo, iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, kunye neemveliso zerabha. Iiplastiki zodwa zibalelwa kwi-12 kwizinto eziphezulu ze-20, kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-$ 17.69 yezigidigidi. Uninzi lweekhemikhali ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezibotshelelwa e-US zenza ngaphantsi kwe-30% yetotali yaseTshayina, iiglavu ze-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) zibe zezona ziphezulu kuma-46.2%. Uhlengahlengiso lwamaxabiso lunokuchaphazela iiplastiki, amafutha eminerali, kunye neemveliso zerabha, apho iTshayina inesabelo esikhulu sokuthumela ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zaseTshayina ezisebenza kwihlabathi liphela zinokunceda ukunciphisa ukothuka kwerhafu.

Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yokunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukuguquguquka komgaqo-nkqubo kunokuphazamisa imfuno kunye namaxabiso eekhemikhali ezithile. Kwimakethi yokuthumela ngaphandle yaseMelika, iindidi ezinomthamo omkhulu njengeemveliso zeplastiki kunye namatayara zinokujongana noxinzelelo olukhulu. Ukuthengwa kwempahla evela e-US, isambuku semathiriyeli ekrwada efana nepropane kunye nesaturated acyclic hydrocarbons, ethembele kakhulu kubaboneleli baseMelika, inokubona iimpembelelo ezibonakalayo kuzinzo lwamaxabiso kunye nokhuseleko lokubonelela ngeemveliso zekhemikhali ezisezantsi.