Ngentsasa kaDisemba 15, ixesha laseBeijing, i-Federal Reserve yabhengeza ukunyusa inzala ngamanqaku angama-50, uluhlu lwemali ye-federal luphakanyiswe kwi-4.25% - 4.50%, ephezulu ukususela ngoJuni 2006. Ukongeza, i-Fed forecasts. izinga leemali ze-federal liya kuphakama kwi-5.1 ipesenti kunyaka ozayo, kunye namazinga alindeleke ukuba awele kwi-4.1 ekhulwini ekupheleni kwe-2024 kunye ne-3.1 ekhulwini ekupheleni kwe-2025.
I-Fed ikhulise inzala kasixhenxe ukususela ngo-2022, inani elipheleleyo le-425 yesiseko, kwaye i-Fed yemali yemali ngoku ikwi-15-year high.Ukunyuswa kwemilinganiselo emithandathu yangaphambili yayingamanqaku angama-25 ngoMatshi 17, 2022;Ngomhla wesi-5 kuMeyi, inyuse iireyithi ngamanqaku asisiseko angama-50;NgoJuni 16, inyuse iireyithi ngamanqaku asisiseko angama-75;NgoJulayi 28, inyuse amaxabiso ngamanqaku angama-75;Nge-22 kaSeptemba, ixesha laseBeijing, izinga lenzala linyuke ngamanqaku angama-75.Ngomhla wesi-3 kuNovemba inyuse amaxabiso ngamanqaku angama-75.
Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka inoveli coronavirus ngo-2020, amazwe amaninzi, kubandakanya ne-US, abhenele “kumanzi axengaxengayo” ukumelana nefuthe lobhubhane.Ngenxa yoko, uqoqosho luye lwaphucuka, kodwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuye kwantinga.Iibhanki ezinkulu zehlabathi ziye zaphakamisa izinga lenzala malunga namaxesha angama-275 kulo nyaka, ngokutsho kweBhanki yaseMelika, kwaye ngaphezulu kwama-50 yenze inyathelo elinye elinobundlongondlongo le-75 kulo nyaka, abanye balandela ukukhokela kwe-Fed kunye nokunyuka okuphindaphindiweyo.
Nge-RMB ehlayo phantse i-15%, ukuthengiswa kweekhemikhali kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi
I-Federal Reserve yasebenzisa idola njengemali yehlabathi kwaye yanyusa izinga lenzala ngokukhawuleza.Ukususela ekuqaleni kwe-2022, i-index ye-dollar iqhubekile isomeleza, kunye nenzuzo eyongezelelweyo ye-19.4% ngeli xesha.NgeUS Federal Reserve ekhokele ekunyuseni ngamandla inzala, inani elikhulu lamazwe asakhasayo ajongene noxinzelelo olukhulu olunjengokuhla kwexabiso lemali yawo xa ithelekiswa nedola yaseMelika, ukuphuma kwemali eyinkunzi, ukunyuka kwenkxaso-mali kunye neendleko zenkonzo yetyala, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso asuka kumazwe angaphandle, kunye ukuguquguquka kweemarike zempahla yorhwebo, kwaye intengiso ikhula ingenathemba ngamathemba azo ezoqoqosho.
Ukunyuswa kwenzala yedola yaseMelika kwenze idola yaseMelika yabuya, idola yaseMelika iyayixabisa, ukuhla kwexabiso lemali kwamanye amazwe, kwaye iRMB ayisayi kuba ngaphandle.Ukusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, i-RMB iye yehla kakhulu, kwaye i-RMB yehle phantse nge-15% xa izinga lotshintshiselwano lwe-RMB ngokuchasene nedola yaseMelika liye lancipha.
Ngokwamava angaphambili, emva kokuhla kwexabiso le-RMB, i-petroleum kunye ne-petrochemical industries, i-metals non-ferrous, i-real estate kunye namanye amashishini aya kuba ne-slump yesikhashana.NgokweSebe lezoShishino kunye nobuChwepheshe boLwazi, i-32% yeentlobo zeentlobo zelizwe azikabhalwa nto kwaye i-52% isaxhomekeke ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe.Njengeekhemikhali ze-elektroniki eziphezulu, izixhobo zokusebenza eziphezulu, i-polyolefin ephezulu, njl., Kunzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoqoqosho kunye nokuphila kwabantu.
Ngo-2021, umthamo wokungeniswa kweekhemikhali kwilizwe lam ugqithise kwi-40 yezigidi zeetoni, apho ukuxhomekeka kwe-potassium chloride kwakuphezulu ukuya kuma-57.5%, ukuxhomekeka kwangaphandle kwe-MMA okungaphezulu kwe-60%, kunye nezixhobo zekhemikhali ezifana ne-PX kunye ne-methanol ephuma ngaphandle. I-10 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2021.
Kwintsimi yokugqoka, izinto ezininzi eziluhlaza zikhethwa kwiimveliso zaphesheya.Ngokomzekelo, i-Disman kwishishini le-epoxy resin, i-Mitsubishi kunye ne-Sanyi kwishishini le-solvent;I-BASF, iPosta yeeNtyatyambo zaseJapan kwishishini le-foam;USika kunye neVisber kwishishini learhente yokunyanga;I-DuPont kunye ne-3M kwishishini le-arhente yokumanzisa;Wak, Ronia, Dexian;I-Komu, i-Hunsmai, i-Connoos kwi-titanium pink industry;I-Bayer kunye neLangson kwishishini le-pigment.
Ukuhla kwexabiso le-RMB kuya kukhokelela ngokuqinisekileyo ekunyukeni kweendleko zemathiriyeli yeekhemikhali ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nokucinezela inzuzo yamashishini kumashishini amaninzi.Ngexesha elifanayo njengoko iindleko zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe zinyuka, ukungaqiniseki kobhubhane kuyanda, kwaye kunzima nakakhulu ukufumana izinto eziphakamileyo eziphezulu zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe.
Amashishini ohlobo lokuthumela ngaphandle khange athandeke kakhulu, kwaye anokhuphiswano ngokwentelekiso ayomelelanga
Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukuhla kwexabiso lemali kukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iindaba ezimnandi kwiinkampani ezithumela ngaphandle.Izinto zorhwebo ezixabisa iidola zaseMelika, ezifana ne-oyile kunye neembotyi zesoya, "ziyakuthi nje" zonyuse amaxabiso, ngaloo ndlela zinyuse iindleko zemveliso yehlabathi.Ngenxa yokuba idola yaseMelika ixabisekile, izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezihambelanayo ziya kubonakala zitshiphu kwaye umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle uya kwanda.Kodwa eneneni, elizambuku lokwenyuka kweqondo lenzala kwihlabathi lizise ukuhla kwexabiso leemali ezahlukeneyo.
Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelelanga, iindidi ezingama-36 zemali ehlabathini ziye zehla ubuncinane isinye kwishumi, kwaye iLira yaseTurkey yehla nge-95%.I-Vietnamese Shield, i-baht yaseThai, i-Philippine Peso, kunye ne-Korean Monsters zifikelele kwinqanaba eliphantsi kwiminyaka emininzi.Uxabiso lwe-RMB kwimali engeyiyo i-dollar yase-US, ukuhla kwexabiso le-renminbi kuhambelana kuphela ne-dollar yase-US.Ngokwembono ye-yen, i-euro, kunye neeponti zaseBritane, i-yuan ise "yixabiso".Kumazwe ajolise ekuthumeleni ngaphandle afana noMzantsi Korea kunye neJapan, ukuhla kwexabiso lemali kuthetha izibonelelo zokuthunyelwa ngaphandle, kwaye ukuhla kwexabiso le-renminbi ngokucacileyo akukhuphisani njengezi currencies, kwaye izibonelelo ezifunyenweyo azikho nkulu.
Iingcali zezoqoqosho ziye zabonisa ukuba ingxaki yemali yehlabathi ekhoyo ngoku yokuqinisa ingxaki imelwe ikakhulu ngumgaqo-nkqubo we-Fed wokunyusa inzala.I-Fed iyaqhubeka nokuqiniswa komgaqo-nkqubo wezemali kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kwihlabathi, elichaphazela uqoqosho lwehlabathi.Ngenxa yoko, amanye amazwe asakhasayo ezoqoqosho aneziphumo ezitshabalalisayo ezifana nokuphuma kwemali eyinkunzi, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso avela kumazwe angaphandle, nokuhla kwexabiso lemali yawo kwilizwe lawo, kwaye kutyhalele ukuba nokwenzeka kokusilela kwamatyala amakhulu kunye namatyala aphezulu asakhulayo kwezoqoqosho.Ekupheleni kuka-2022, oku kunyuswa kwenzala kunokubangela urhwebo lwangaphakathi kunye norhwebo lokuthumela ngaphandle lucinezelwe ngeendlela ezimbini, kwaye ishishini lemichiza liya kuba nefuthe elinzulu.Ngokumalunga nokuba inokukhululwa ngo-2023, kuya kuxhomekeka kwizenzo eziqhelekileyo zezoqoqosho ezininzi kwihlabathi, kungekhona ukusebenza komntu ngamnye.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-20-2022