I-OXALIC ACID

Oxalic acidyinto ephilayo. Ifom yeekhemikhali yi-H₂C₂O₄. Yimveliso yemetabolism yezinto eziphilayo. Yi-asidi ebuthathaka enamacandelo amabini. Isasazwa ngokubanzi kwizityalo, izilwanyana, kunye nemizimba yokungunda. Yenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, i-oxalic acid ihlala ithathwa njengomchasi wokufunxa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa. I-anhydride yayo yi-carbon trioxide.

Iimpawu:Iphepha le-monoclinic elingenambala okanye ikristale yeprismatic okanye umgubo omhlophe, i-oxalic acid engenavumba nge-oxidation, incasa yeasidi ye-oxalic ngokudibanisa. Ukufakwa ngaphantsi kwe-150 ~ 160 ℃. Inokunyanzeliswa kumoya owomileyo oshushu. I-1g iyanyibilika ku-7mL amanzi, 2mL amanzi abilayo, 2.5mL ethanol, 1.8mL ethanol ebilayo, 100mL ether, 5.5mL glycerin, kwaye ayinyibiliki kwibenzene, chloroform kunye nepetroleum ether. Isisombululo se-0.1mol / L sine-pH ye-1.3. Ubuninzi bobuninzi (amanzi =1) yi-1.653. Indawo yokunyibilika 189.5 ℃.

Iimpawu zekhemikhali:I-Oxalic acid, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-glycolic acid, ifumaneka ngokubanzi kukutya kwezityalo. Iasidi ye-Oxalic yikristale engenambala yekholomu, enyibilika emanzini kunezinyibilikisi zendalo ezifana ne-ether,

I-Oxalate inefuthe eliqinileyo lokulungelelanisa kwaye lolunye uhlobo lwe-metal chelating agent ekutyeni kwezityalo. Xa iasidi oxalic zidityaniswe ezinye alkaline umhlaba metal element, ukunyibilika kwayo kuncitshiswe kakhulu, ezifana calcium oxalate phantse ayinyibiliki emanzini. Ngoko ke, ubukho be-oxalic acid bunempembelelo enkulu kwi-bioavailability yeeminerali ezibalulekileyo; Xa i-asidi ye-oxalic idityaniswe nezinye izinto zetsimbi eziguqukayo, i-soluble complexes yenziwa ngenxa yesenzo sokulungelelaniswa kwe-oxalic acid, kwaye ukunyibilika kwabo kwanda kakhulu.

I-asidi ye-Oxalic yaqala ukuthotywa kwi-100 ℃, ngokukhawuleza i-sublimated kwi-125 ℃, kwaye i-sublimated kakhulu kwi-157 ℃, kwaye yaqala ukubola.

Inokusabela nge-alkali, inokuvelisa i-esterification, i-acyl halogenation, i-amide reaction. Ukusabela kokunciphisa kunokwenzeka, kwaye ukuphendula kwe-decarboxylation kunokwenzeka phantsi kobushushu. I-Anhydrous oxalic acid yi-hygroscopic. Iasidi ye-oxalic yenza iikhompleksi ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezineentsimbi ezininzi.

I-oxalate eqhelekileyo:1, iSodium oxalate;2, Potassium oxalate;3, Calcium oxalate;4, Ferrous oxalate; 5, Antimony oxalate; 6, Ammonium hydrogen oxalate; 7, Magnesium oxalate 8, Lithium oxalate.

Isicelo:

1. I-agent eyinkimbinkimbi, i-agent ye-masking, i-agent ye-precipitating, i-arhente yokunciphisa. Isetyenziselwa ukuzimisela kwe-beryllium, i-calcium, i-chromium, igolide, i-manganese, i-strontium, i-thorium kunye nezinye i-ion zetsimbi. Uhlalutyo lwePicocrystal yesodium kunye nezinye izinto. I-Precipitate calcium, i-magnesium, i-thorium kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba. Isisombululo esisemgangathweni sokulinganisa i-potassium permanganate kunye nezisombululo ze-cerous sulfate. Iblitshi. Uncedo lwedayi. Isenokusetyenziswa ukususa umhlwa kwiimpahla kushishino lokwakha phambi kokuxukuxa umphandle eludongeni ukutyabeka, kuba udonga alkaline yomelele kufuneka kuqala ibrashi oxalic acid alkali.

2. Ishishini lamachiza elisetyenziswa ekwenzeni i-aureomycin, i-oxytetracycline, i-streptomycin, i-borneol, i-vitamin B12, i-phenobarbital kunye nezinye iziyobisi. Umzi-mveliso wokushicilela kunye nokudaya osetyenziswa njengoncedo lombala, iblitshi, iphakathi kwezonyango. Imboni yeplastiki yokuveliswa kwePVC, iiplastiki ze-amino, i-urea - iiplastiki ze-formaldehyde.

3. Isetyenziswe njenge-catalyst ye-phenolic resin synthesis, i-catalytic reaction ithambile, inkqubo izinzile, kwaye ubude bude kakhulu. Isisombululo se-acetone oxalate sinokubangela ukuphilisa ukusabela kwe-epoxy resin kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokunyanga. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-synthetic urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin pH regulator. Isenokongezwa kwi-polyvinyl formaldehyde encamathelayo enyibilikayo emanzini ukuphucula isantya sokumisa kunye namandla okubopha. Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-urea formaldehyde resin yokunyanga i-agent, i-ion chelating yensimbi. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-accelerant yokulungiselela isitashi sokuncamathelisa nge-KMnO4 oxidant ukukhawulezisa izinga le-oxidation kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphendula.

Njengearhente yokuthambisa:

I-asidi ye-oxalic isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-arhente yokunciphisa kunye ne-bleach, esetyenziswa kwimveliso yamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye ne-borneol kunye namanye amachiza, kunye nokusulungekisa isinyithi esinqabileyo se-solvent, i-agent yokunciphisa idayi, i-agent e-tanning, njl.

I-asidi ye-Oxalic ingasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-cobalt-molybdenum-aluminium catalysts, ukucocwa kweentsimbi kunye neebhastile, kunye ne-bleaching of textiles.

Isetyenziselwa ukucocwa komphezulu wesinyithi kunye nonyango, ukutsalwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ukuprintwa kwe-textile kunye nokudaya, ukulungiswa kwesikhumba, ukulungiswa kwe-catalyst, njl.

Njenge-arhente yokunciphisa:

Kwishishini le-organic synthesis lisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso ye-hydroquinone, i-pentaerythritol, i-cobalt oxalate, i-nickel oxalate, i-gallic acid kunye nezinye iimveliso zamachiza.

Imboni yeplastiki yokuvelisa i-PVC, iiplastiki ze-amino, i-urea - iiplastiki ze-formaldehyde, ipeyinti, njl.

Ishishini ledayi lisetyenziselwa ukwenza isiseko esiluhlaza njalo njalo.

Umzi-mveliso wokushicilela kunye nokudaya unokungena endaweni ye-acetic acid, esetyenziswa njengoncedo lombala wedayi ye-pigment, i-ejenti ye-bleaching.

Imboni yamachiza yokwenziwa kwe aureomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ephedrine.

Ukongeza, i-asidi ye-oxalic ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwee-oxalate ester ezahlukeneyo, i-oxalate kunye neemveliso ze-oxalamide, kunye ne-diethyl oxalate, i-sodium oxalate, i-calcium oxalate kunye nezinye iimveliso zezona zivelisa kakhulu.

Indlela yokugcina:

1. Vala indawo eyomileyo nepholileyo. Ukuthintela ngokungqongqo ukufuma, ukukhuseleka kwamanzi kunye nokukhusela ilanga. Ubushushu bokugcina akufunekanga budlule kwi-40℃.

2. Gcina kude kwii-oxides kunye nezinto zealkaline. Sebenzisa iipolypropylene eziphothiweyo ezifakwe iplastiki, 25kg/bag.

Ngokubanzi, i-oxalic acid yikhemikhali eguquguqukayo enezicelo ezininzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Iipropathi zayo ziyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokucoca, ukucokisa kunye nokufaka i-bleaching, kwaye inezicelo ezininzi kumashishini amalaphu, igadi kunye nentsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, amanyathelo okhuseleko kufuneka athathwe xa usebenzisa le khemikhali, njengoko inetyhefu kwaye inokuba yingozi xa ingaphathwa kakuhle.