I-OXALIC ACID

Oxalic acidyinto ephilayo.Ifom yeekhemikhali yi-H₂C₂O₄.Yimveliso yemetabolism yezinto eziphilayo.Yi-asidi ebuthathaka enamacandelo amabini.Isasazwa ngokubanzi kwizityalo, izilwanyana, kunye nemizimba yokungunda.Yenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo.Ke ngoko, i-oxalic acid ihlala ithathwa njengomchasi wokufunxa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezimbiwa.I-anhydride yayo yi-carbon trioxide.

Iimpawu:Iphepha le-monoclinic elingenambala okanye ikristale yeprismatic okanye umgubo omhlophe, i-oxalic acid engenavumba nge-oxidation, incasa yeasidi ye-oxalic ngokudibanisa.Ukufakwa ngaphantsi kwe-150 ~ 160 ℃.Inokunyanzeliswa kumoya owomileyo oshushu.I-1g iyanyibilika ku-7mL amanzi, 2mL amanzi abilayo, 2.5mL ethanol, 1.8mL ethanol ebilayo, 100mL ether, 5.5mL glycerin, kwaye ayinyibiliki kwibenzene, chloroform kunye nepetroleum ether.Isisombululo se-0.1mol / L sine-pH ye-1.3.Ubuninzi bobuninzi (amanzi =1) yi-1.653.Indawo yokunyibilika 189.5 ℃.

Iimpawu zemichiza:I-Oxalic acid, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-glycolic acid, ifumaneka ngokubanzi kukutya kwezityalo.Iasidi ye-Oxalic yikristale engenambala yekholomu, enyibilika emanzini kunezinyibilikisi zendalo ezifana ne-ether,

I-Oxalate inefuthe eliqinileyo lokulungelelanisa kwaye lolunye uhlobo lwe-metal chelating agent ekutyeni kwezityalo.Xa iasidi oxalic zidityaniswe ezinye alkaline umhlaba metal element, ukunyibilika kwayo kuncitshiswe kakhulu, ezifana calcium oxalate phantse ayinyibiliki emanzini.Ngoko ke, ubukho be-oxalic acid bunempembelelo enkulu kwi-bioavailability yeeminerali ezibalulekileyo;Xa i-asidi ye-oxalic idityaniswe nezinye izinto zetsimbi eziguqukayo, i-soluble complexes yenziwa ngenxa yesenzo sokulungelelaniswa kwe-oxalic acid, kwaye ukunyibilika kwabo kwanda kakhulu.

I-asidi ye-Oxalic yaqala ukuthotywa kwi-100 ℃, ngokukhawuleza i-sublimated kwi-125 ℃, kwaye i-sublimated kakhulu kwi-157 ℃, kwaye yaqala ukubola.

Inokusabela nge-alkali, inokuvelisa i-esterification, i-acyl halogenation, i-amide reaction.Ukusabela kokunciphisa kunokwenzeka, kwaye ukuphendula kwe-decarboxylation kunokwenzeka phantsi kobushushu.I-Anhydrous oxalic acid yi-hygroscopic.Iasidi ye-oxalic yenza iikhompleksi ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezineentsimbi ezininzi.

I-oxalate eqhelekileyo:1, iSodium oxalate;2, Potassium oxalate;3, Calcium oxalate;4, Ferrous oxalate;5, Antimony oxalate;6, Ammonium hydrogen oxalate;7, Magnesium oxalate 8, Lithium oxalate.

Isicelo:

1. I-agent eyinkimbinkimbi, i-agent ye-masking, i-agent ye-precipitating, i-arhente yokunciphisa.Isetyenziselwa ukuzimisela kwe-beryllium, i-calcium, i-chromium, igolide, i-manganese, i-strontium, i-thorium kunye nezinye i-ion zetsimbi.Uhlalutyo lwePicocrystal yesodium kunye nezinye izinto.I-Precipitate calcium, i-magnesium, i-thorium kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.Isisombululo esisemgangathweni sokulinganisa i-potassium permanganate kunye nezisombululo ze-cerous sulfate.Iblitshi.Uncedo lwedayi.Isenokusetyenziswa ukususa umhlwa kwiimpahla kushishino lokwakha phambi kokuxukuxa umphandle eludongeni ukutyabeka, kuba udonga alkaline yomelele kufuneka kuqala ibrashi oxalic acid alkali.

2. Ishishini lamachiza elisetyenziswa ekwenzeni i-aureomycin, i-oxytetracycline, i-streptomycin, i-borneol, i-vitamin B12, i-phenobarbital kunye nezinye iziyobisi.Umzi-mveliso wokushicilela kunye nokudaya osetyenziswa njengoncedo lombala, iblitshi, iphakathi kwezonyango.Imboni yeplastiki yokuveliswa kwePVC, iiplastiki ze-amino, i-urea - iiplastiki ze-formaldehyde.

3. Isetyenziswe njenge-catalyst ye-phenolic resin synthesis, i-catalytic reaction ithambile, inkqubo izinzile, kwaye ubude bude kakhulu.Isisombululo se-acetone oxalate sinokubangela ukuphilisa ukusabela kwe-epoxy resin kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokunyanga.Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-synthetic urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin pH regulator.Isenokongezwa kwi-polyvinyl formaldehyde encamathelayo enyibilikayo emanzini ukuphucula isantya sokumisa kunye namandla okubopha.Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-urea formaldehyde resin yokunyanga i-agent, i-ion chelating yensimbi.Ingasetyenziswa njenge-accelerant yokulungiselela isitashi sokuncamathelisa nge-KMnO4 oxidant ukukhawulezisa izinga le-oxidation kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphendula.

Njengearhente yokuthambisa:

I-asidi ye-oxalic isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-arhente yokunciphisa kunye ne-bleach, esetyenziswa kwimveliso yamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye ne-borneol kunye namanye amachiza, kunye nokusulungekisa isinyithi esinqabileyo se-solvent, i-agent yokunciphisa idayi, i-agent e-tanning, njl.

I-asidi ye-Oxalic ingasetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-cobalt-molybdenum-aluminium catalysts, ukucocwa kweentsimbi kunye neebhastile, kunye ne-bleaching of textiles.

Isetyenziselwa ukucocwa komphezulu wesinyithi kunye nonyango, ukutsalwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ukuprintwa kwe-textile kunye nokudaya, ukulungiswa kwesikhumba, ukulungiswa kwe-catalyst, njl.

Njenge-arhente yokunciphisa:

Kwishishini le-organic synthesis lisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimveliso ye-hydroquinone, i-pentaerythritol, i-cobalt oxalate, i-nickel oxalate, i-gallic acid kunye nezinye iimveliso zamachiza.

Imboni yeplastiki yokuvelisa i-PVC, iiplastiki ze-amino, i-urea - iiplastiki ze-formaldehyde, ipeyinti, njl.

Ishishini ledayi lisetyenziselwa ukwenza isiseko esiluhlaza njalo njalo.

Umzi-mveliso wokushicilela kunye nokudaya unokungena endaweni ye-acetic acid, esetyenziswa njengoncedo lombala wedayi ye-pigment, i-ejenti ye-bleaching.

Imboni yamachiza yokwenziwa kwe aureomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ephedrine.

Ukongeza, i-asidi ye-oxalic ingasetyenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwee-oxalate ester ezahlukeneyo, i-oxalate kunye neemveliso ze-oxalamide, kunye ne-diethyl oxalate, i-sodium oxalate, i-calcium oxalate kunye nezinye iimveliso zezona zivelisa kakhulu.

Indlela yokugcina:

1. Vala indawo eyomileyo nepholileyo.Ukuthintela ngokungqongqo ukufuma, ukukhuseleka kwamanzi kunye nokukhusela ilanga.Ubushushu bokugcina akufunekanga budlule kwi-40℃.

2. Gcina kude kwii-oxides kunye nezinto zealkaline.Sebenzisa iipolypropylene eziphothiweyo ezifakwe iplastiki, 25kg/bag.

Ngokubanzi, i-oxalic acid yikhemikhali eguquguqukayo enezicelo ezininzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo.Iipropathi zayo ziyenza ibe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokucoca, ukucokisa kunye nokufaka i-bleaching, kwaye inezicelo ezininzi kumashishini amalaphu, igadi kunye nentsimbi.Nangona kunjalo, amanyathelo okhuseleko kufuneka athathwe xa usebenzisa le khemikhali, njengoko inetyhefu kwaye inokuba yingozi xa ingaphathwa kakuhle.