I.Isishwankathelo soShishino kunye neNtuthuko yeTekhnoloji
I-Polyacrylamide (PAM), njengenye yeekhemikhali ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunyanga amanzi, yenze inkqubela phambili enkulu kwi-teknoloji entsha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemarike kwiminyaka yamuva. Ngokwengxelo yophando lwemakethi yamva nje, imakethi yePAM yehlabathi ifikelele kwi-4.58 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2023 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba iya kukhula iye kuthi ga kwi-6.23 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2028, ngesantya sokukhula sonyaka esisi-6.3%. Icandelo lokucoca amanzi libalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-65% yosetyenziso lulonke, lisebenza njengowona mqhubi wokukhula koshishino.
1. Ukuphumelela kwi-Anionic Polyacrylamide (APAM)
Ngo-2023, iqela lophando elivela kwiYunivesithi yeSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji yaseChina lapapasha iziphumo ezibalulekileyo kwi *Nature Water*, ukuphuhlisa ngempumelelo inoveli ye-APAM imathiriyeli eneempawu "zokuphendula ngobuchule". Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokuprinta i-molecular, le mveliso inokulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukucwangciswa kwayo kweemolekyuli ngokusekelwe kwiintlobo ezingcolileyo emanzini, ukuphucula ukususwa kwe-ion yensimbi enzima nge-40%, ngokukodwa ifanelekileyo yokucoca imigodi yamanzi amdaka. Idatha yendawo esuka kwiprojekthi yokucoca amanzi amdaka emigodini yobhedu e-Jiangxi ibonise esi sixhobo siphumelele i-99.2% yokususwa kwe-ion yobhedu ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko zokunyanga ngama-35%.
Ngokufanayo, i-Mitsubishi Chemical yaseJapan yazisa uchungechunge lwe-APAM olunobushushu obuphezulu obugcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwi-80-120 ° C, ukujongana nemingeni yobugcisa kwi-oyile kunye negesi yokucoca amanzi amdaka. Le mveliso ibonise ukusebenza okungaqhelekanga kwinkqubo yokucoca amanzi e-oilfield yaseSaudi Aramco, isantya sokwakheka kwefloc nge-50% kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokumisa ukuya kwisibini kwisithathu seemveliso eziqhelekileyo.
2. Ukuphuculwa kweTekhnoloji kwiCationic Polyacrylamide (CPAM)
Icandelo lokucoca udaka libone utshintsho oluguqukayo. Ekuqaleni kuka-2024, i-BASF yaseJamani yasungula imveliso ye-CPAM ye-ultra-high-high molecular weight weight over 20 million Daltons. Ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji ekhethekileyo yokudibanisa i-cross-link, le mveliso yenza izakhiwo zenethiwekhi ezixineneyo ngexesha lokuchithwa kwe-sludge, ukuphumeza umxholo womswakama we-sludge emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwe-sludge ngaphantsi kwe-58%-ipesenti ye-10-ipesenti yokuphuculwa kweemveliso eziqhelekileyo. Emva kokwamkela obu buchwephesha, iZiko lokucoca amanzi amdaka likaMasipala waseParis linyuse umthamo wokucocwa kodaka ngama-30% ngelixa linciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwemichiza nge-15%.
Okuphawuleka ngakumbi, isiqalo saseDatshi savelisa i-biosynthetic CPAM isebenzisa itekhnoloji yokuhlela imfuza yeCRISPR. Iveliswe ngobunjineli *E. coli * ukuvutshelwa, le nkqubo ithintela ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwe-acrylamide monomer, ukunciphisa i-ecotoxicity yemveliso nge-90% kunye nokusika ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngama-65% ngexesha lemveliso. Nangona iindleko zangoku zihlala ziyi-20% ephezulu kuneendlela zokudityaniswa kweekhemikhali, iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo zokhuphiswano zilindeleke ekufezekiseni imveliso yesikali ngo-2026.
3. Usetyenziso olwandisiweyo lweNonionic Polyacrylamide (NPAM)
I-NPAM ibonisa iingenelo ezizodwa kunyango lwamanzi olukhethekileyo. Ngasekupheleni kuka-2023, i-Dow Chemical yazisa i-pH-sensitive NPAM uchungechunge olulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo ulwandiso lwe-molecular chain ngaphakathi kwe-pH 2-12, ukuphucula i-nano-scale suspended solids ukubamba ukusebenza kakuhle ngamaxesha angama-3-5. Le teknoloji isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ekulungiseleleni amanzi e-ultrapure kumashishini e-semiconductor, ukufezekisa imigangatho yomgangatho wamanzi we-18.2 MΩ·cm.
Abaphandi baseMzantsi Korea baphuhlise iNPAM ebonakalayo-enokonakala ngokuzisa iiyunithi zesakhiwo se-azobenzene. Iipolymers ezishiyekileyo zinokwehla zibe yi-molecule encinci ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48 phantsi kokukhanya kwendalo, ukusombulula ngokupheleleyo imiba yentsalela ye-PAM. Le teknoloji iye yalingwa kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo zaseSeoul zamanzi okusela, kunye nokuthengisa kulindeleke ngo-2025.
II. I-Marketic Dynamics kunye noPhuhliso lweNgingqi
1. IiShifts kwi-Global Market Landscape
Ummandla we-Asia-Pacific uye waba yeyona marike ikhula ngokukhawuleza ye-PAM, ibalelwa kwi-46% yokusetyenziswa kwehlabathi ngo-2023, kunye ne-China inegalelo elikhulu lokukhula. Idatha evela e-China Petroleum kunye ne-Chemical Industry Federation ibonisa imveliso ye-PAM yaseChina ifikelele kwiitoni ze-920,000 kwi-2023, kunye nezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zigcina i-15% yokukhula ngonyaka-ingakumbi kwiimveliso ze-CPAM eziphezulu, apho ukuxhomekeka kwamanye amazwe kuhlala kuphezulu njenge-40%.
Imarike yaseYurophu ibonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Iqhutywa yimithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo, iimveliso ze-PAM ezinokubola zinyuse isabelo semarike ukusuka kwi-8% ngo-2020 ukuya kwi-22% ngo-2023. I-Veolia yaseFransi ibhengeze izicwangciso zokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo i-CPAM yendabuko kunye neendlela eziluhlaza ngo-2026.
Imarike yaseMntla yaseMelika, eqhutywa luphuhliso lwerhasi ye-shale, iqhubeka nemfuno enamandla ye-APAM. Ukuthengiswa kwe-PAM yase-US kukhule nge-18% ngo-2023, kunye ne-60% esetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye ne-oyile kunye negesi. Ngokucacileyo, iMexico iye yavela njengendawo entsha yemveliso, enamazwe amaninzi aseka iziseko zemveliso yasekhaya.
2. Uguqulo lwamaxabiso kunye noBonelelo
Ukusukela ngo-2023 ukuya kowama-2024, iimarike ze-PAM zemathiriyeli ekrwada ziye zafumana ukuguquguquka okukhulu. Amaxabiso e-Acrylamide monomer abethe kwimbali ephezulu kwi-Q3 2023 kodwa abuyele kumanqanaba afanelekileyo nge-Q2 2024 njengoko i-China yongeza umthamo omtsha wemveliso. Nangona kunjalo, i-cationic reagent DMC (methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) amaxabiso aqhubekile enyuka ngenxa yokubonelela ngepropylene oxide enyukayo, ukwandisa iindleko zokuvelisa i-CPAM nge-12-15%.
Ngokubhekiselele kwikhonkco lokubonelela, iinkokeli zeshishini zakhawulezisa ukuhlanganiswa ngokuthe nkqo. Iqela leSolvay lityale i-€ 300 yezigidi kwisiseko esitsha semveliso edibeneyo eBelgium, eyenza ukuveliswa kwenkqubo epheleleyo ukusuka kwi-acrylonitrile ukuya kwiimveliso zokugqibela. Kulindeleke ukuba iqalise ngo-2025, oku kuya kunciphisa iindleko ezibanzi nge-20%. Amashishini amancinci naphakathi atshintshele kubuchwephesha-umzekelo, i-Italmatch yase-Italiya igxile ekuphuhliseni imixube ekhethekileyo ye-APAM yokukhutshwa kwetyuwa emanzini olwandle.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-09-2025