Impembelelo "yeeRhafu eziHlanganisiweyo" zase-US kwiCandelo leShishini leHydrocarbon elinuka kamnandi laseTshayina

Kwicandelo lemveliso ye-aromatic hydrocarbon, phantse akukho rhwebo ngqo lweemveliso ze-aromatic phakathi kwelizwekazi laseTshayina ne-United States. Nangona kunjalo, i-US ingenisa inxalenye enkulu yeemveliso zayo ze-aromatic ezivela e-Asia, apho abathengisi base-Asia babanga i-40–55% yemveliso ye-benzene, i-paraxylene (PX), i-toluene, kunye ne-xylenes ezixutyiweyo e-US. Iimpembelelo eziphambili zihlalutywa ngezantsi:

I-Benzene

I-China ixhomekeke kakhulu ekuthengeni i-benzene, kwaye uMzantsi Korea ungumboneleli wayo oyintloko. Zombini i-China kunye ne-US zingabathengi be-benzene, kungekho rhwebo ngqo phakathi kwazo, nto leyo enciphisa impembelelo ethe ngqo yerhafu kwimarike ye-benzene yase-China. Ngo-2024, iimpahla zaseMzantsi Korea zazibandakanya i-46% yempahla engeniswa yi-benzene yase-US. Ngokwedatha yerhafu yaseMzantsi Korea, uMzantsi Korea uthumele ngaphezulu kwe-600,000 yeetoni ze-benzene e-US ngo-2024. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela kwikota yesi-4 ka-2023, i-arbitrage window phakathi koMzantsi Korea ne-US yavalwa, ithumela ukugeleza kwe-benzene yaseMzantsi Korea e-China—umthengi omkhulu we-benzene e-Asia kunye nemarike enamaxabiso aphezulu—okunyusa kakhulu uxinzelelo lokungenisa kwe-China. Ukuba iirhafu zase-US zibekwa ngaphandle kokuxolelwa kwi-benzene esekelwe kwi-petroleum, iimpahla zehlabathi ezazijoliswe e-US ekuqaleni zinokutshintshela e-China, zigcine umthamo ophezulu wokungenisa. Ngaphaya koko, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweemveliso ezivela kwi-benzene (umz., izixhobo zasekhaya, amalaphu) kunokujongana nempendulo engentle ngenxa yokunyuka kwerhafu.

 IToluene

Ukuthunyelwa kwe-toluene eTshayina kukhule ngokuqhubekayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ikakhulu kujoliswe kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia naseIndiya, kunye norhwebo oluthe ngqo oluncinci ne-US Nangona kunjalo, i-US ingenisa inani elikhulu le-toluene evela e-Asia, kuquka iitoni ezingama-230,000 ezivela eMzantsi Korea ngo-2024 (57% yexabiso lilonke le-toluene e-US). Iirhafu zase-US zinokuphazamisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-toluene eMzantsi Korea e-US, nto leyo eyonyusa ukuthengiswa kwe-toluene e-Asia kwaye iqinise ukhuphiswano kwiimarike ezifana ne-Southeast Asia ne-India, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba i-China ithumele kwamanye amazwe.

IiXylenes

I-China isaqhubeka nokuba ngumthengisi we-xylenes ezixutyiweyo kwamanye amazwe, ngaphandle korhwebo oluthe ngqo ne-US. I-US ingenisa inani elikhulu le-xylenes, ikakhulu evela eMzantsi Korea (57% yempahla engeniswa e-US phantsi kwekhowudi ye-HS 27073000). Nangona kunjalo, le mveliso ifakiwe kuluhlu lokuxolelwa kwirhafu yase-US, nto leyo enciphisa impembelelo kwimisebenzi ye-arbitrage yase-Asia-US.

I-Styrene

I-US lilizwe elithumela ngaphandle izixhobo ze-styrene kwihlabathi liphela, ikakhulu libonelela iMexico, uMzantsi Melika, kunye neYurophu, ngexabiso elincinci lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe (iitoni ezingama-210,000 ngo-2024, phantse zonke zivela eKhanada). Imarike ye-styrene yaseTshayina ithengiswa kakhulu, kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo yokulwa nokulahla inkunkuma iye yathintela urhwebo lwe-styrene phakathi kwe-US neTshayina ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, i-US iceba ukunyanzelisa irhafu ye-25% kwi-benzene yaseMzantsi Korea, enokunyusa ngakumbi ukunikezelwa kwe-styrene yase-Asia. Okwangoku, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezixhobo zasekhaya ezixhomekeke kwi-styrene eTshayina (umz., ii-air conditioners, iifriji) zijongene nerhafu ephezulu yase-US (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-~80%), nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu eli candelo. Ke ngoko, irhafu yase-US iya kuchaphazela kakhulu ishishini le-styrene laseTshayina ngokunyuka kweendleko kunye nokuncipha kwemfuno esezantsi.

I-Paraxylene (PX)

I-China ayithumeli ngaphandle i-PX kwaye ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiimpahla ezivela eMzantsi Korea, eJapan, naseMzantsi-mpuma Asia, ngaphandle korhwebo oluthe ngqo lwase-US. Ngo-2024, i-South Korea yanikezela nge-22.5% yeempahla ezivela e-US PX (iitoni ezingama-300,000, i-6% yeempahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zaseMzantsi Korea). Iirhafu zase-US zinokunciphisa ukuhamba kwe-PX yaseMzantsi Korea ukuya e-US, kodwa nokuba ingathunyelwa eTshayina, ubungakanani buya kuba nefuthe elilinganiselweyo. Ngokubanzi, iirhafu zase-US-China ziya kuchaphazela kancinci ukunikezelwa kwe-PX kodwa zinokucinezela ngokungathanga ngqo ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwempahla yelaphu kunye neempahla.

"Iirhafu zokutshintshana" zase-US ziza kutshintsha ukuhamba korhwebo lwehlabathi lwee-aromatic hydrocarbons endaweni yokuphazamisa ngokuthe ngqo urhwebo lwase-China-US. Iingozi eziphambili ziquka ukunikezelwa ngokugqithisileyo kwiimarike zase-Asia, ukhuphiswano oluqinisiweyo kwiindawo zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, kunye noxinzelelo oluvela kwiirhafu eziphezulu kwiimpahla ezigqityiweyo (umz., izixhobo, amalaphu). Ishishini le-aromatic lase-China kufuneka lihambe kwiindlela zokubonelela eziqondiswe ngqo kwaye lizivumelanise neendlela ezitshintshayo zemfuno yehlabathi.