I-Polyurethane yinto entsha ebalulekileyo yekhemikhali. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, yaziwa njenge "plastiki yesihlanu ngobukhulu". Ukususela kwifenitshala, impahla, ukuya kwezothutho, ulwakhiwo, ezemidlalo, kunye nolwakhiwo lweenqwelo-moya kunye nokhuselo lwesizwe, izinto ze-polyurethane ezixhaphakileyo zimela izinto ezintsha zekhemikhali kwaye zixhasa ilizwe lam ekwakheni ilizwe elinamandla.
Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini lezinto eziluhlaza ze-polyurethane, ibonakalise utshintsho ukusuka kutshintsho lobungakanani ukuya komgangatho. Itekhnoloji yemveliso kunye nomthamo wemveliso we-isocyanate zibekwe phambili kwihlabathi liphela. Ingene kwixesha lokukhuthazwa kwetekhnoloji elingene kuphuhliso oluphezulu. Okwangoku, iTshayina ibe yeyona siseko sikhulu semveliso ye-polyurethane kunye nemveliso, kunye nommandla opheleleyo kwicandelo lezicelo ze-polyurethane.
Njengesongezelelo esibalulekileyo se-polyurethane, ii-arhente zokwandisa i-polyurethane zizinto ezinokusabela kunye neempendulo zeqela ezisebenzayo kwi-line polymer chain ukwandisa i-molecular chain kunye nokunyusa ubunzima be-molecular. Yinto ekrwada efunekayo ekuvelisweni kweemveliso ezininzi ze-polyurethane. Ekuhlanganiseni izinto ze-polyurethane, ii-arhente zokwandisa i-polyurethane zinokufikelela kwiimpendulo ezimbini zeekhemikhali: ukwanda kunye nokudibanisa ukuze kufezekiswe imveliso yezinto ze-polyurethane ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ezinje ngokuphucula ukuqina, ukuthamba, kunye nenqanaba lokukrazula kweemveliso zezinto ze-polyurethane, kunye nenqanaba lokukrazula. Ukusebenza okubanzi kwe-physics kunye neekhemikhali kokuxhathisa ubushushu, ukumelana neoyile, ukumelana nemozulu kunye nokuxhathisa ukugqwala.
一, Indima kunye nokuhlelwa kwearhente yokwandisa ityathanga le-polyurethane
I-arhente yokwandisa i-Polyurethane ibhekisa kwi-amine ye-molecular ephantsi kunye neekhompawundi ezinxilisayo eziqulethe amaqela amabini asebenzayo, anokuvelisa i-polymer yohlobo lomgca nge-chain expansion reaction. Ngokusebenzisa ii-agents zokwandisa i-chain ezahlukeneyo, okanye ukutshintsha i-chain expansion formula, ii-chemical reactions zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ziyafezekiswa, kwaye kuveliswa izixhobo ze-polyurethane ezineemfuno zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo.
Indima yeearhente zokwandisa ityathanga le-polyurethane kwimpendulo yokwenziwa kwe-polyurethane ibandakanya ikakhulu:
(1) Iarhente yokwandisa ityathanga le-polyurethane ineqela elinophawu (iqela le-amino kunye ne-hydroxyl) elinokwenza ii-chemical reactions nge-isocyanate. Ubunzima be-molecular kunye ne-live reaction zingenza inkqubo ye-polyurethane reaction yande okanye iqine ngokukhawuleza, ivelise umgca onobunzima obukhulu be-molecular. Ii-molecules zisebenza njenge-polymer.
(2) Izandiso zeetyathanga ezahlukeneyo zine-reactivity eyahlukileyo. Ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-arhente zokwandisa iityathanga kunye nedosi, lungisa i-viscosity ye-reactor, iimolekyuli kunye nezakhiwo ze-morphological ukuze zilungele imveliso ye-polyurethane kunye neemveliso zeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zomgangatho.
(3) Iiarhente ezahlukeneyo zokwandisa i-polyurethane zinokunika i-polyurethane iipropati ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ezinye izakhiwo zeqela eziphawulekayo kwiimolekyuli zokwandisa ikhonkco zifakwa kwikhonkco eliphambili le-polyurethane, nto leyo echaphazela ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwe-polyurethane kunye nokusebenza kweekhemikhali, njengokumelana namandla kunye nokukrala, ukudinwa okuchasene nokunciphisa ubushushu, ukumelana nemozulu, ukumelana neoyile, ukumelana nokugqwala, njl.
Iiarhente zokwandisa iPolyurethane ngokubanzi zahlulwe zibe yi-amine, utywala, kunye notywala. Ukususela ekusebenziseni iinkqubo zenkqubo kunye nezakhiwo zokusebenza, i-dilate kunye ne-diol zisekelwe kakhulu kwinkqubo yenkqubo kunye nesakhiwo sokusebenza. Iiarhente zokwandisa ityathanga zemveli ezifana ne-ethylene glycol, i-1,4-butanol, kunye ne-dihydramol enye eshwabeneyo, njl.njl., zisebenza ngokulinganiselweyo kwiimveliso ze-polyurethane, kwaye ziiarhente zokwandisa ityathanga eziqhelekileyo. Iarhente yokwandisa ityathanga enomsebenzi ocacileyo wezinto ze-polyurethane ikakhulu ziindidi ezimbini: i-aromatic dihanramine kunye ne-aromatic diol. Ibizwa ngokuba yiarhente yokwandisa ityathanga esebenza kakhulu. Ibonakaliswa yindandatho eqinileyo ye-benzene. Amandla, ukumelana nokukrala, ukumelana okuphakathi kunye nezinye iimpawu.
I-aromatic diharamine expansion agent ayisiyonto ibalulekileyo kuphela kwizixhobo ze-polyurethane elastic series. Yeyona arhente yokwandisa i-polyurethane chain ebanzi kakhulu, embi kakhulu, kwaye inkulu kakhulu.
Ii-polyurethane elastic bodies zemveli zokuthulula zihlala zilungisiwe ngendlela ye-two-step, oko kukuthi, ii-synthetic premature bodies, zize zifakwe ngee-chain expansion agents ukuze ziqine. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-isocyanate, i-premature bodies inokwahlulwahlulwa ngokweentlobo ze-TDI kunye ne-MDI. Xa kuthelekiswa nezi zimbini, umsebenzi we-TDI premature reaction uphantsi, kwaye ikakhulu uhambelana nee-amine chain expansion agents ezisebenzayo kakhulu; umsebenzi we-MDI premature reaction uphezulu, kwaye i-hydroxy-based chain expansion agent ene-hydroxyl-based seal ephantsi. Ngokweemfuno zeemeko zokusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha i-chain expansion agent efanelekileyo emva kokukhetha emva kohlobo lwe-isocyanate.
Iintlobo zemveliso zokwandiswa kwetyathanga le-polyurethane ezisebenza kakuhle kunye neempawu zesicelo
2.1 Iarhente yokwandisa i-arammer dihan amine chain
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu, i-aromatic dihamine dilation agent yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-chain expansion agent kwi-polyurethane elastic materials.
Iiarhente zokwandisa i-aromatic dianramine ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka i-3, 3′-dichlori-4, 4′-diodes (MOCA: uhlobo I, uhlobo Ⅱ, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, njl.njl.), i-1,3-propylene glycol Double (4-amino benzoate) (740m), i-4,4′-sub-base-double (3-chlorine-2,6-diecene aniline) (M-CDEA), i-polyphamorethyl ether Diol two-pair aminbenzoate (P-1000, P-650, P-250, njl.njl.), i-3,5-two ethylene torneramine (DETDA, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-E-100), i-3,5-diracle Sulfenylene (DMTDA, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-E-300) kunye nezinye iimveliso.
Isishwankathelo seempawu zesicelo kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
Iarhente yokwandisa ityathanga le-MOCA yeyona arhente yokwandisa ityathanga elisebenza kakuhle kakhulu etyale imali kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso kwilizwe lam. Yimeko eqinileyo kubushushu begumbi. Ineempawu zeemveliso ze-polyurethane ezinokusetyenziswa ngokwemigaqo yokhuseleko kunye nokulula, ezinokuhlangabezana neempawu zeenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo kunye neemilo. Ukuqina kwe-polyurethanes kukuqina okuphezulu, ukujiya okuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu, ukumelana nolaka, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibanzi. Ingenza iimveliso ezinkulu. Yindlela esebenza ngayo iiarhente zokwandisa ezinuka kamnandi. Ukusukela oko kwaphuhliswa iDuPont ngeminyaka yoo-1950, iMOCA ithathe indawo ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lokuqina kwe-polyurethane. Okwangoku yeyona arhente yokwandisa ityathanga le-polyurethane inkulu. Ibaluleke ngakumbi kwicandelo lokuthulula i-polyurethane elasticity. Okwangoku, abavelisi beMOCA abaziwayo eTshayina ngaba: iSuzhou Xiangyuan New Materials Co., Ltd. (inkampani engaphantsi kweJiangsu Xiangyuan Chemical Company), iHuaibei Xingguang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., iShandong Chongshun New Material Technology Co., Ltd. iHua Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (eyayisakuba yiBinhai Mingsheng Chemical Co., Ltd.), iChizhou Tianci High-tech Materials Co., Ltd., ukongeza, kukho iTaiwan Shuangbang Industrial Co., Ltd., iTaiwan Sanhuang Co., Ltd., kunye neKatshan Kohshan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, phantsi kobunkokeli beenkampani zaseTshayina, iteknoloji yemveliso ye-MOCA iye yaphucuka ngakumbi. Umzekelo, i-Xiangyuan New Materials yoyisa ingxaki yempilo yomsebenzi wabasebenzi, ungcoliseko olukhulu, kunye nokuzinza okungonelanga kwemveliso eqhubekayo ye-hydrogenation ye-hydrogenation ye-hydrogenation ye-hydrogenation. Le ndlela eqhubekayo ikhuthaza i-hydrogenation ye-acoustics ecocekileyo kakhulu kunye neenkqubo zemveliso ye-MOCA, ifezekisa ukuzenzekela, ivalwe ngokupheleleyo, imveliso eluhlaza, ifezekisa izinyibilikisi, ingenathuli, inciphisa ukusetyenziswa okonga amandla kwaye ingabikho kukhutshwa komoya. Isixhobo semveliso ye-MOCA esiqhubekayo siye saba ngumvelisi wemveliso odumileyo kwihlabathi liphela wearhente yokwandisa ityathanga le-polyurethane.
Ukongeza, iXiangyuan New Materials ikwaphuhlise ii-arhente zokwandisa uthotho lwe-Xylink740M kunye ne-Xylink P, ifezekisa uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso yolu luhlu lweemveliso, ikhuthaza abavelisi bezinto ze-polyurethane ukuphucula umgangatho, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokwandisa usetyenziso.
2.2 I-arhente yokwandisa i-aromatic diol dilateral ephambili
Ii-aromatic diol dilation agents ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka i-phenyl-phenolic hydroxyxyl-based ether (HQEE), i-interciphenylbenols, i-hydroxyl ether (HER), kunye ne-hydroxyethyl-based phenolic pyrodhenol mixture (HQEE-L), i-Hydroxyethylhhexybenol mixture (HER-L), njl.njl., isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo ze-polyurethane kwiinkqubo zenkqubo ze-MDI, ezisisithako sokwandisa iketanga esingenabungozi nesingcolisayo. Isishwankathelo seempawu zokusetyenziswa kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
Iarhente yokwandisa ityathanga le-HQEE yiarhente yokwandisa i-molecular structure symmetrical aromatic diol. Yinto eqinileyo, ayinatyhefu, ayinangcoliseko, kwaye iyacaphukisa. Ihambelana kakuhle ne-MDI kwaye inokwandisa ubomi bento ngokufanelekileyo. Izixhobo Ezintsha zeXiangyuan ziphuhlise iiarhente zokwandisa ityathanga le-HQEE, HER, Xylink HQEE-L, Xylinkher-L. Umgangatho uphezulu kuneemveliso ezifanayo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye iimveliso zithengiswa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
2.3 Ezinye iiarhente zokwandisa i-aromatic chain ezinentsebenzo ekhethekileyo
Ngenxa yokwanda kwamasimi akhulayo e-polyurethane, ii-arhente ezintsha zokwandisa i-polyurethane kunye netekhnoloji yesicelo ziye zakhuthazwa rhoqo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike ye-polyurethane. Amashishini emveliso aphuhlise iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-arhente zokwandisa i-chain aromatic chain ekhethekileyo.
I-Tianmen Winterine (DMD230) lulwandiso lwetyathanga olune-amino-amino ezimbini ezingenayo imisebe, esetyenziselwa ukulungiselela iingubo ezingenasombululo okanye eziqinileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa neepolyettes eziqhelekileyo zokutshiza, imveliso inempendulo ephakathi, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakha, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. Ine-gloss entle kunye nemiphumo ebonakalayo kunye neepolycoges ekulungiseleleni i-polycisotripocyanate enamafutha, ukuguquguquka okuhle kunye neempawu zoomatshini, utshintsho olutyheli olumelana nomthubi, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nesimo sezulu esihle, kunye nokhuseleko olude. Ukongeza kwiibhulorho, iitonela, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomgangatho kunye neempawu zendlela, ingasetyenziswa nakwizicelo eziphezulu ezifana neengubo zokukhusela kunye neengubo zesikhumba zehelikopta ezidityanisiweyo zeeblade zamandla omoya. Imveliso yemizi-mveliso kunye nokukhuthaza le mveliso kuya kunceda uphuhliso oluphezulu lweengubo.
Ukusasazeka (311) kwee-aromatic diharamine kunye nee-sodium chloride compounds (311) luhlobo lokuhambelana kwe-aromatic diharamine kunye neetyuwa ezingaphiliyo. Ingadityaniswa neentlobo ngeentlobo ze-polyurethane pre-polystants kubushushu begumbi. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwiimo ezinzima okanye ezinkulu. Iimveliso zendawo, i-microwave vulcanization, kunye nezinye izihlandlo ezifuna ixesha elide lokusebenza, nazo zingasetyenziswa njenge-epoxy resin. Iimveliso ezifanayo ziquka iCaytur 31DA eMelika, iXylink 311, iXiangyuan New Materials.
Ezinye izinto eziphilisa iinqanawa ezingaphantsi kwamanzi ezifana ne-oxidazole, i-ketone amine, njl. zinokunciphisa amathuba okugquma okanye ezinye iimveliso ukuvelisa amaqamza kudidi oluphakathi lokuphilisa, kwaye ikwanendawo yokuphuhliswa.
Ngokukodwa, imeko yophuhliso lweearhente zokwandisa ityathanga le-polyurethane
Ishishini lokwandisa i-polyurethane kwilizwe lam linesiseko esibuthathaka sophuhliso. Kwimihla yokuqala, imakethi yokwandisa i-polyurethane chain yasekhaya ibisoloko ilawulwa ngamashishini amakhulu. Ukusukela oko kwangena kule nkulungwane, iqela leenkampani zokwandisa i-polyurethane chain zasekuhlaleni ezimelwe yiXiangyuan New Materials ziye zaphula ngempumelelo i-monopoli zangaphandle emva kweminyaka yokuqokelelana kwe-R & D kunye netekhnoloji. Ezinye zeemveliso zokwandisa i-polyurethane chain zelizwe lam zifikelele kwinqanaba leemveliso ezifanayo zamazwe ngamazwe.
Njenge-arhente yokwandisa i-amine polyurethane ebanzi kakhulu, inkqubo yemveliso ye-MOCA ivuthiwe, izinzile, iphakathi, kwaye ifanelekile ukuphendula. Kwicandelo lokuthulula umzimba othambileyo kwizicelo ezisezantsi, ingakumbi inkqubo ye-TDI, inani elikhulu leemveliso ze-polyurethane liqokelele inani elikhulu leefomyula ezivuthiweyo zeemveliso ze-polyurethane ifomula evuthiweyo Ukuzinza nokusebenza kwe-Essence MOCA kuye kwavavanywa emva kweminyaka emininzi yentengiso kunye nokuziqhelanisa nabathengi. Ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu. Emva kweminyaka yokusetyenziswa, kuye kwavela umqobo othile wenkqubo. Inendima engenakutshintshwa, kwaye intsimi yesicelo ihlala isanda.
I-European Chemical Administration, njengesikhungo esijongene nesatifikethi se-EU Reach, ikhuphe ingxelo ngoNovemba 30, 2017. Emva kokuthelekisa iingozi zokhuseleko, ukusebenza, kunye neendleko zamaxabiso, icebise ukuba kwicandelo lomzimba we-polyurethane elastic, umgangatho wemveliso ye-MOCA Ukusebenza, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nezinye izibonelelo zibalaseleyo, kwaye okwangoku akukho zikhetho.
Ishishini lokwandisa i-polyurethane laseTshayina laqala kade. Kwimihla yokuqala, ngenxa yenqanaba eliphantsi letekhnoloji yemveliso, ubuthathaka bokuxhasa izinto eziluhlaza, kunye neetalente ze-R & D ezinganeleyo, imakethi yokwandisa ityathanga le-polyurethane yasekhaya ibilawulwa ngamashishini amakhulu. Kude kube yiminyaka yoo-1990, inani labavelisi bokwandisa ityathanga le-polyurethane yasekhaya baphumelela ekuphuleni i-monopoli yetekhnoloji yangaphandle emva kweminyaka yophando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuqokelelana kwetekhnoloji, kwaye ukusebenza kwezinye iimveliso zearhente yokwandisa ityathanga le-polyurethane kwafikelela kwinqanaba leemveliso ezifanayo zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokukodwa, izixhobo ezintsha zeXiangyuan zikhokele ekwakheni isixhobo sokuvelisa i-MOCA esiqhubekayo esinobunzima beetoni ezili-10,000. Umgangatho wemveliso kunye nenqanaba letekhnoloji kwafikelela kwinqanaba eliphambili neliphambili kwihlabathi liphela. Okwangoku, abavelisi be-MOCA basekhaya bakwazile ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-ionamine yamahhala. I-MOCA e-granular kunye ne-MOCA etshintsha ubushushu obuphezulu kwiimveliso zothotho lwe-MOCA ziyathandwa lishishini le-polyurethane.
Isicwangciso "seshumi elinesibini seminyaka emihlanu se" seshumi elinesibini seminyaka emihlanu" soshishino lwe-polyurethane sicebisa ukuba ukongeza ekwandiseni isikali semveliso ye-MOCA yokwandiswa kwetyathanga esemgangathweni ophezulu, ukukhuthazwa nokusetyenziswa kweearhente ezintsha zokwandiswa kwetyathanga i-MCDEA, i-E-100, i-HER, i-HQEE kunye nezinye iimveliso kufuneka kwandiswe. Ngokusekelwe kwiimveliso zothotho lwe-MOCA, ngokwahlukana kwezinto ze-polyurethane kunye neemveliso, nezinye iimveliso ezintsha zokwandiswa kwetyathanga nazo ziye zavela, zenza ulwakhiwo olwahlukileyo ngeemveliso ze-MOCA.
Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kophando nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, iimveliso ezintsha zeearhente zokwandisa ityathanga le-aromatic ezisebenza kakuhle zinezibonelelo ezithile kwisantya sokuphendula, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukusebenza, ukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ukusetyenziswa kuye kwakhula kancinci kancinci, kwaye ubungakanani besicelo buyaqhubeka nokukhula. Umzekelo, i-P-1000, i-P650, i-P250, i-740M, ngenxa yeempawu zayo eziluhlaza, ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ezingenabungozi, ivule kancinci kancinci imakethi yesicelo kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngophuhliso nokukhula kwenkqubo ye-MDI enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, isikali sokusetyenziswa kweearhente zokwandisa i-aromatic diol ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ezifana ne-HQEE kunye ne-HER ezihambelana ngcono kwaye zihambelana nenkqubo ye-MDI ziye zanda kancinci kancinci, zinika i-polyurethane elasticity egqwesileyo yomzimba Ukusebenza okukhethekileyo njengokumelana nobushushu kunye namandla okukrazula. Ukongeza ekwenzeni iimveliso zokuthulula, inokuvelisa iimveliso ze-thermoplastic elastomic ezisebenza kakuhle, ezinokuthomalaliswa. Kwiindawo zesicelo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza kwezixhobo ze-polyurethane kumazwe aphuhlileyo kunye nezinye izixhobo ze-polyurethane, iiarhente zokwandisa ityathanga ezifana ne-740m, i-HQEE, i-HER ziyanda ukusetyenziswa. Iarhente entsha yokwandisa ikhonkco ineenzuzo ezahlukeneyo ekuhlukaniseni izinto ezithile, kwaye umda wobugcisa uphezulu. Okwangoku, imakethi yasekhaya isekwinqanaba lokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa.
Iphethini yophuhliso loshishino lokwandiswa kwetyathanga le-polyurethane
Ishishini le-polyurethane eMntla Melika naseNtshona Yurophu liqokelele amashumi eminyaka ophuhliso. Eli shishini linamandla amakhulu obuchwephesha kweli shishini, kwaye imakethi ikhulile. Kwangaxeshanye, abathengi kwezi ndawo banemfuno ephezulu yokusebenza kwiimveliso ze-polyurethane, kwaye imfuno yee-arhente zokwandisa iityathanga ezintsha ikhawuleza kune-MOCA. Okwangoku, amazwe aphuhlileyo afana neYurophu ne-United States athatha isabelo esiphambili semfuno yee-arhente zokwandisa iityathanga ezintsha.
Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe-polyurethane kummandla we-Asia-Pacific nakwamanye amazwe asakhasayo kuba yeyona nto iphambili ekufuneni i-polyurethane kwihlabathi liphela. Phakathi kwazo, ummandla we-Asia-Pacific sele ungowona marike mkhulu wabathengi be-polyurethane ehlabathini, omalunga ne-48% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi; amanye amazwe asakhasayo afana ne-India, iBrazil, iMexico, njl.njl., imfuno ye-polyurethane kwizakhiwo, izinto zokwakha, ifenitshala yasekhaya nakwamanye amashishini nayo iyanda. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo eYurophu nase-United States, amanye ala mazwe akwiingingqi akwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso. Anomdla kakhulu kwixabiso lezinto ezikrwada kushishino lwe-polyurethane kwaye anika ingqalelo ngakumbi kwixabiso kunye nokusebenza kweendleko. Kwixesha elizayo, kwixesha elizayo, eli candelo liya kuhlala lifuna kakhulu ii-MOCA ezibiza kakhulu.
Okwangoku, iinkampani ezinkulu zehlabathi zokwandisa i-polyurethane, ezifana neKazaka Kagosan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd., i-United States Air Chemical (ukuthengwa kweWinchuang ngo-2016), kunye ne-United States Coco (eyathengwa yiLangsheng ngo-2017), njl., zilawula ihlabathi. Uninzi lwesabelo semarike seearhente zokwandisa ityathanga, ezinye iinkampani ezincinci ezingenayo inkqubela phambili kwinkqubo yophando lweshishini-iyunivesithi-zisusiwe yimpembelelo yomgangatho wemveliso kunye nexabiso, kwaye ukuxinana kweshishini lokwandisa ityathanga kukhule ngakumbi. Kwangaxeshanye, iinkampani ezinkulu zixhomekeke kumandla amakhulu emali kunye nemvelaphi yophando nophuhliso ukwandisa izinto eziluhlaza zobungcali kunye nomlinganiselo wemveliso yemveliso, kunye nokuseka iziseko zemveliso ezinkulu kunye neentengiso kunye namaziko ophando kunye nophuhliso kwiindawo ezinezixhobo ezilungileyo, iimarike, kunye neemeko zomsebenzi.
5. Imeko yangoku kunye nolwalathiso lophuhliso lweearhente zokwandisa i-polyurethane
Njengesongezo esibalulekileyo kwizixhobo ze-polyurethane, ii-arhente zokwandisa i-polyurethane zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-CASE (kubandakanya ii-coating, i-adhesives, i-sealing kunye ne-elastic bodies) kwizixhobo ze-polyurethane. Phakathi kwazo, umzimba we-polyurethane elastic sisixhobo esenziwe nge-polymer phakathi kwerabha eqhelekileyo kunye neplastiki. Inokuqina okuphezulu kwerabha kunye nobunzima obuphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu eplastiki. Amaxesha ama-5 ukuya kwi-10), inegama elithi "ukumkani werabha engagugiyo" kwaye inamandla amahle oomatshini, ukumelana neoyile, ukumelana neekhemikhali, ukumelana nokujika kunye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokusebenza kwe-insulation. Ukongeza kuhlobo lokuthulula oluqhelekileyo kunye nomzimba we-polyurethane elastic we-thermoplastic, izinto zomzimba ze-polyurethane elastic ziquka ii-adhesives, ii-coating, i-sealing, izinto zokupeyinta, i-sole, isikhumba esenziweyo, i-fiber, njl.njl. eziba zizinto ze-polyurethane elastic. Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenqanaba lobuchwephesha, i-polyurethane elastic ithathelwe indawo kwirabha, iiplastiki, kunye neesinyithi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neemoto, imigodi, ukuprinta, izixhobo, ukucubungula oomatshini, ezemidlalo, kunye nezothutho.
Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiiarhente ezifanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-polyurethane CASE yaseTshayina (umzimba we-elastic, ii-coating, ulusu oluyilwe, ukutywina kunye nezincamathelisi) ngo-2021 bekuziitoni ezizizigidi ezi-7.77, kwaye izinga lokukhula ngonyaka eliphakathi kwe-11.5% ngo-2016-2021 yayiyi-11.5%.
Ukuqina kwe-polyurethane yaseTshayina ngo-2016 bekungama-925,000 eetoni, kwaye imveliso ngo-2021 ifikelele kwi-1.5 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiweyo le-10.2%; izinga lokukhula lokusetyenziswa lonyaka eliqhelekileyo yayiyi-12.5%. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2025, imveliso yomzimba we-polyurethane elastic yelizwe lam iya kufikelela kwi-2.059 yezigidi zeetoni, nto leyo eya kuqhubeka ikwindlela yophuhliso olukhawulezayo.
Kwihlabathi liphela, imveliso yehlabathi ye-polyurethane elastomers ifikelele kwiitoni ezizizigidi ezi-2.52 ngo-2016 kunye neetoni ezizizigidi ezi-3.539 ngo-2021, kunye nesantya sokukhula kwe-compound yonyaka esiyi-7.0%. Ngo-2025, imveliso yehlabathi ye-polyurethane elastomer kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwiitoni ezizizigidi ezi-4.495, nto leyo ebonisa indlela yophuhliso olukhawulezayo noluzinzileyo.
I-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) inokumelana nokuguguleka okugqwesileyo. Amandla ayo okuxinana aphezulu, made, ayamelana neoyile, ayamelana nobushushu obuphantsi, ayamelana nemozulu, kwaye ukumelana ne-ozone kuyabonakala, kwaye uluhlu lobunzima lubanzi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwe-TPU kwimarike kuye kwanda ukusuka kwishishini lezihlangu ukuya kwiindawo zemarike eziphezulu ezifana namayeza, iinqwelomoya, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ngokwezibalo, ukususela ngo-2014 ukuya ku-2021, izinga lokukhula komdibaniso wonyaka wemveliso ye-TPU eTshayina laliphezulu ukuya kwi-14.5%. Ngo-2021, imveliso ye-TPU yelizwe lam yayimalunga neetoni ezingama-645,000. Ilizwe lam liye laba lilizwe elikhulu lemveliso ye-TPU kwihlabathi. Imveliso kunye nomthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle unyuke ngokuthe chu kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ngokwembono yemfuno, imakethi yehlabathi ye-TPU okwangoku igxile eYurophu, eMelika, nakwiindawo zaseAsia-Pacific. Phakathi kwazo, ummandla waseAsia okhokelwa yiTshayina yeyona imakethi yengingqi ikhawulezayo ekusetyenzisweni kwe-TPU yehlabathi. Ngokwezibalo zeKomiti eKhethekileyo ye-Elastic ye-China Polyurethane Industry Association, ukusetyenziswa okupheleleyo kweemveliso ze-polyurethane kwilizwe lam ngo-2018 kufikelele kwi-11.3 yezigidi zeetoni, apho ukusetyenziswa kwe-polyurethane elastomers (TPU+CPU) bekumalunga ne-1.1 yezigidi zeetoni%.
I-TPU isengomnye weemveliso ezikhula ngokukhawuleza kwi-polyurethane kungekudala. Ilizwe lam libe lilizwe elikhulu labathengi be-TPU kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokwezibalo, izinga lokukhula komndilili wonyaka we-compound wokusetyenziswa kwe-TPU eTshayina ngo-2017-2021 laliphezulu njenge-12.9%, apho ukusetyenziswa kwayo iyonke ngo-2021 yayiziitoni ezingama-602,000, ukwanda kwe-11.6% ngonyaka. Ngokusekelwe kwimveliso ye-TPU yehlabathi ye-1.09 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2021, ukusetyenziswa kwe-TPU yasekhaya kudlule isiqingatha sehlabathi. Kwixesha elizayo, iimfuno zezinto zezihlangu, ifilimu, iipayipi, kunye neentambo ziya kuba namandla ngakumbi. Kwicandelo lezixhobo zonyango, iintambo zekhebula, kunye nefilimu, iya kuthatha indawo yezinto zemveli ze-PVC. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ithathe indawo ye-EVA kwicandelo lezinto zezihlangu. Kulindeleke ukuba i-TPU ihlale i-10 kwixesha elizayo 10 10 %Okanye indlela yokukhula engaphezulu. Kulindeleke ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufikelele kwiitoni ezingama-900,000 ngo-2026.
Njengoko isantya semveliso sikhula kancinci kancinci, ixabiso leemveliso ze-polyurethane elastic liphantsi, iintlobo ngeentlobo ziyahlukahluka, imfuno yemarike iphucukile, kwaye uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso lukhawuleza. Ngexesha le-"Isicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu seshumi elinesine", ishishini le-Case kufuneka likhuthaze ngamandla uphuhliso lweemveliso kwicala lomxholo ojolise emanzini, ongenasombululo, noqinileyo; landise uphuhliso lwe-CASE kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwesakhiwo sezinto ezisisiseko, ligxile kwisicelo se-polytianmen water-to-pyrodramine polyphonus; ligxile ekwenzeni uphando lwetekhnoloji yobunjineli olusekelwe emanzini; liphucule ukusebenza kwemveliso, liphuhlise iimveliso ezintsha, landise intsimi yesicelo, kwaye likhuthaze ukwakhiwa kweziseko ezitsha zophuhliso kwiindlela zokuthutha oololiwe, uhola wendlela, umjelo webhulorho, uthumelo lwamandla, njl. kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsimi yezonyango; likhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha kwee-polyurethane adhesives ze-zero formaldehyde ukongeza iipleyiti zokwenziwa; liphuhlise iimveliso ze-ammonia ezahluliweyo, ezisebenzayo, nezinexabiso eliphezulu; liqinise uphando kunye netekhnoloji yesicelo sesakhiwo sezinto ezingangeni manzi ze-polyurethane, ukusebenza, ixesha lokuqina; likhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-polyurethane kwizakhiwo ezenziwe ngaphambili.
Izikhokelo eziphambili zophuhliso lwentsimi ye-elastomer zezi:
Ii-elastomers zePolyurethane zeemoto. Ishishini leemoto lanamhlanje liphuhlisa ukusebenza okuphezulu, umgangatho ophezulu, ubunzima obulula, intuthuzelo kunye nokhuseleko. Izinto zerabha kunye neplastiki ezenziweyo zithatha indawo yezinto zesinyithi kancinci kancinci, nto leyo evula ithuba elikhulu lokusetyenziswa kwee-elastomers ze-polyurethane.
Ii-elastomer zePolyurethane zokwakha. Izinto ezingangeni manzi ze-asphalt zemveli ziye zatshintshwa kancinci kancinci zizinto ezingangeni manzi ze-polyurethane zokwakha eziqinileyo nezidibeneyo; Ukusetyenziswa kwendlela yezemidlalo ye-polyurethane kuyanda kakhulu. Iindawo zokwandisa iiBridges ezinkulu, i-sleeper yesitimela esikhawulezayo, indlela yeenqwelo moya kunye ne-caulking yendlela enkulu nazo zenziwe kancinci kancinci nge-PVC elastomer eqina kubushushu begumbi.
I-polyurethane elastomer yokusetyenziswa kwemigodi. Kukho imfuneko enkulu yezinto ezingezizo ezesinyithi ezinokumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu kunye nokuthamba kwimigodi yamalahle, imigodi yesinyithi kunye nemigodi engezizo ezesinyithi.
I-polyurethane elastomer yezihlangu. I-polychloride ester elasticity ineenzuzo zokusebenza kakuhle kwe-buffering, ubunzima obulula, ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukumelana nokutyibilika, njalo njalo, ibe yinto ebalulekileyo exhasayo kushishino lwezihlangu.
I-polyurethane elastomer yokusetyenziswa kwezonyango. Ukuhambelana kakuhle kwezinto eziphilayo, ukuhambelana kwegazi kunye nokungabikho kwezongezo zezona zizathu zibalulekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwezinto zeTPU kunye neCPU kwicandelo lezonyango. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwicandelo lezonyango nezempilo kubanzi kakhulu.
Iphepha elitsha le-polyurethane composite. Kulindeleke ukuba itekhnoloji yezinto ezidityanisiweyo izise ixesha elitsha lokuqhuma kwemarike yee-polyurethane elastomers.
Imboni yokwandisa ityathanga lePolyurethane "isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu se-14"
Ngokwembono yehlabathi, uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwecandelo lokwakha, ishishini leemoto, izixhobo zobukrelekrele be-elektroniki, amandla amatsha kunye namashishini okukhusela okusingqongileyo kuye kwabangela kakhulu imfuno yeemveliso ze-polyurethane. Iinkampani ezinkulu ze-polyurethane zehlabathi ziyaqhubeka nokuvelisa itekhnoloji kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo, kwaye ziya kuqhubeka nokukhuthaza uphuhliso kunye nemveliso yeemveliso ezintsha ze-polyurethane. Ngokwandiswa kweemveliso ze-polyurethane kwintsimi kunye nobubanzi bemarike yesiphelo esisezantsi, imfuno eyahlukeneyo yeemveliso ze-polyurethane iya kukhuthaza uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nophuhliso lweearhente ze-polyurethane chain agents.
Kwiminyaka eli-10 ezayo, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-polyurethane kwezinye iindawo ezikufutshane kuya kukhula ngokukhawuleza. Iingcali zoshishino zihlalutya ukuba imfuno yehlabathi ye-polyurethane iya kunyuka ngesantya se-4.5% ngonyaka. Phakathi kwazo, izinga lokukhula eliphakathi lonyaka lemfuno ye-polyurethane liqikelelwa ukuba liyi-5.7% kwiindawo zokukhenkceza, izihlangu, amalaphu, ukuzonwabisa kunye nezinye iindawo. Imfuno kwicandelo lemveliso inyuke kancinci, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ibe malunga ne-3.3% ngonyaka. Amazwe asakhasayo kummandla we-Asia-Pacific axhaswe bubuchwepheshe obutsha bokwandisa usetyenziso olusezantsi, kwaye imfuno ye-polyurethanes iya kufikelela kwinqanaba lokukhula eliphindwe kabini ngonyaka.
Njengezinto ezibalulekileyo zokwenza imveliso ye-polyurethane, ishishini lezongezo ze-polyurethane kwilizwe lam kufuneka lisebenzise ingcamango entsha yophuhliso ngokungagungqiyo. Ngezantsi, umxholo wokukhuthaza uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu lweshishini le-polyurethane, kunye nesikhokelo sokukhuthaza ishishini le-polyurethane ukukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kwephethini entsha yophuhliso "yomjikelo wesibini", egxile kutshintsho oluhlaza, oluphantsi kwekhabhoni, kunye nolwedijithali. , Ukukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje, ukukhuthaza "iintsilelo" zeemveliso eziphezulu, "ukubamba ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu", "ukuvula indlela entsha" kwiimveliso zemveli, kunye nokukhuthaza ilizwe lam ukuba lisuke kwi-polyurethane liye kwilizwe elinamandla.
Okwangoku, i-polyurethane chain extender ibe yenye yezinto ezifunekayo kwi-polyurethane green projekthi ezinkulu zeziseko zophuhliso zesizwe. Ishishini le-polyurethane chain extender linyusa utyalo-mali olutsha, liphuhlisa kwicala lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho ophezulu. Ngokugxile kwiimfuno zeenqwelo-moya, ulwazi lwe-elektroniki, amandla amatsha, iimoto, oololiwe abakhawulezayo, ezothutho lukaloliwe, iindlela ezinkulu, iiBridges ezinkulu, ezempilo kunye namashishini okhuselo lwesizwe, ukuguqulwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempumelelo yetekhnoloji ye-polyurethane chain extender entsha kuyakhawuleziswa ukuphucula umgangatho wophuhliso lulonke lweshishini le-polyurethane.
Isikhokelo sophuhliso lweshishini le-polyurethane chain extender kukuphuhlisa iimveliso ze-green chain extender ezikumgangatho ophezulu nezisebenza ngakumbi ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo. Ayicocekanga kwaye ayinangcoliseko kuphela kwinkqubo yemveliso, kodwa ikwakhuselekile kwaye iluhlaza kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso ye-polyurethane eluhlaza. Okwesibini, ukwandisa ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-chain extender ezikhoyo, ukuze i-chain extender yobungcali ekhoyo izaliswe bubomi obutsha besicelo. Inqanaba lobuchwepheshe lamashishini athile e-polyurethane chain extender asekhaya lilingana neleenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa uphando olongezelelweyo lwesicelo luyafuneka ukwenza abasebenzisi abaninzi baqonde ukongama kweemveliso, ngakumbi ukukhuthaza iimveliso ze-diamine ezimanzi ezinuka kamnandi ngokusebenza okulula kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo, kunye nokusebenzisa isiphumo sokusebenzisana se-chain extender ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunye neendleko. Okwesithathu kukuphuhlisa ngakumbi iimveliso ezintsha ngokwemfuno yemarike, ukubonelela ngeemveliso ezifanelekileyo nezisemgangathweni ophezulu kushishino lwe-polyurethane, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike esezantsi kunye nokwandisa ububanzi besicelo.
Kwizinto ze-polyurethane elastic, i-chain extender sisongezelelo esibalulekileyo nesibalulekileyo esinomthamo omkhulu kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemveliso. Ukongeza, kwezinye izinto ze-polyurethane kwanakwiiplastiki ze-foam, i-polyurethane chain extender inefuthe elicacileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemveliso. Kwishishini le-polyurethane, indawo yemarike ye-polyurethane chain extender inkulu kakhulu. Ukuze kukhuthazwe kwaye kukhokele uphuhliso oluphezulu lweshishini le-polyurethane, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa uphando lwesicelo kunye nokukhuthaza i-polyurethane chain extender, kunye nokuphuhlisa iintlobo ezingcono nezingakumbi ze-polyurethane chain extender phantsi kwengcamango yokunikela ingqalelo kwimpilo, ukonga amandla, ukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokusebenza kwesicelo, ukuze kube negalelo elikhulu kubomi obungcono babantu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-08-2023