I-Polyurrethane yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yekhemikhali. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ngokugqibeleleyo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo, yaziwa ngokuba yi-pristing "yesihlanu ye-ratem". Kwifenitshala, impahla yokunxiba, yokuthuthwa, ukwakhiwa, ezemidlalo, kunye nokwakhiwa kwe-aerospace nolwakhiwo lwe-aerossane nolwakhiwo lwe-Polyurethane, inkxaso ebalulekileyo yelizwe lam ukwakha ilizwe elinamandla.
Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lwe-Polyurrethane Drigethane Shicings, ibonakalise utshintsho olwenziwe kwivolumu - utshintsho-lutshintsho. Itekhnoloji yemveliso kunye namandla emveliso e-Idocsanate ibekwe ehlabathini. Ingene kwithuba lokukhuthaza itekhnoloji elingene kuphuhliso oluphezulu. Okwangoku, i-China iye yaba yeyona nto iphambili yeHlabathi ye-Polyurethane ye-Polyurethane kunye nemveliso yemveliso, kunye neyona ndawo igcwele kwicandelo le-Polysurethane.
Njengeyona nto iphambili kwi-polyurethane, iiarhente zokwanda kolwandiso lwePolyurethane zizinto ezinokuphendula ngokuthatha inxaxheba kweqela elisebenzayo kumgca we-polymer yokwandisa i-molecular thein kwaye inyuse ubunzima bemolekyuli. Sisixhobo esibonakalayo sokuveliswa kwemveliso yeemveliso ezininzi zePolyurrthane. Kwi-synthesis yezinto zePolyurethane, iiarhente zokwanda kwePolyporethane zinokufumana iimpendulo ezimbini zokufunda zekhemikhali: Ukunyusa kunye nokucofa izinto ezibonakalayo, ezinjengokuphelisa ubunzima, i-elaistity, kunye nokukrazula isidanga sezinto zePoliurethane, kunye nenqanaba lokuqhekeka. I-physics kunye nokusebenza kweekheyitisi ezibanzi zokunyangwa kobushushu, ukumelana kweoyile, ukumelana nemozulu kunye nokunganyangeki.
一, indima kunye nokuhlelwa kwe-Polyredthane Chain ekwandisiweyo
Iarhente yokwandisa iPolyurethane ibhekisa kwi-Amine ephantsi yemolekyuli kunye notywala onamaqela amabini asebenzayo amabini, anokuvelisa umgca-polymer polymer ngokusanda kwendlela yokwandisa. Ngokusebenzisa iiarhente ezahlukeneyo zokwanda kolwandiso, okanye ukutshintsha ifomula yokwandiswa kwe-chain, ukuphendula kwemithombo yeekhemikhali zamaxabiso ahlukeneyo, kwaye izinto zePolyurethane ziveliswa ngeemfuno zomsebenzi ezahlukeneyo.
Indima ye-Polyredthane Chain yokwanda kokwanda koKhuphiswano kwiPolynthene Reactions ikakhulu ibandakanya:
. Ubunzima bemolekyuli kunye nokuphendula kakuhle kunokwenza inkqubo yokuphendula yePolyurethane yanda ngokukhawuleza okanye iqinile, ivelise umgca onobunzima obukhulu beemolekyuli iimolekyuli ezinokwenziwa kwePolymer.
. Ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeearhente zokwanda kokwanda kolwandiso kunye ne-dosage, i-Molecules kunye nezakhiwo ze-morpholor kunye nemveliso ye-morphological yokuziqhelanisa nemveliso yePoliurethane kunye neemveliso ezahlukeneyo.
. -Ukuneliswa kukungakhathali, ukuxhathisa kobushushu, ukumelana kwemozulu, ukumelana kweoyile, ukhuko Ukuxhathisa, njl njl.
Iiarhente zokwanda kolwandisiweyo zePolyrerethane ngokubanzi, zotywala, notywala. Ukusuka ekusebenziseni iinkqubo zenkqubo kunye nezakhiwo zendlela yokusebenza, u-Dilate ne-diol ikakhulu isekwe kwinkqubo yenkqubo kunye nolwakhiwo lwendlela yokusebenza. Iiarhente zemveli ze-Dilate-zohlobo lwe-Dilate-I-Agers efana ne-ithylene Glycone, i-1,4-i-Butyanol, kunye ne-thehydramol encinci, kwaye i-thein yokwanda kokwandiswa kwe-Polytune, kwaye ziiarhente zokwanda kolwandiso oluqhelekileyo. Iarhente yokwandisa i-chain enentsebenzo ebonakalayo yezixhobo zePolyurethane ikakhulu kula manqanaba mabini: i-Auhanirac Dahatic kunye ne-iahamatic diol. Ibizwa ngokuba yiArhente ePhayisayo yeChain Expen. Iphawulwa ngumkhangi we-bebid bezene. Amandla, ukumelana ne-abrasion, ukumelana ngephakathi kunye nezinye iipropathi.
Iarhente yokwakhiwa kwe-wihamine ye-vuramine ayisiyonto iphambili kuphela i-Indilies eSimahla ye-Polynthene ye-Polynthene ye-Polylingone ye-Elauc. Eyona nto imbi kakhulu, eyonakeleyo, nenkulu ye-Polymoricthane Chain yodwa.
Ukuthulula ngokwesiko lomhlaba wePolyurthane Lelastir ngokubanzi kumiselwa ngendlela ezimbini -step ezimbini, oko kukuthi, izinto zokwenziwa ngaphambi kwexesha, kwaye emva koko i-fin yokwanda kolwandiso lokwandisa. Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-i-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-YACHANATE, iphinde yahlulwe kwangaphambili inokubekwa phantse ibe yi-TDI kunye neentlobo ze-MDI. Xa kuthelekiswa nezibini, umsebenzi we-TDI ngaphambi kwexesha uphantsi, kwaye ikakhulu ihambelana neearhente zokwanda kolwandiso olusebenzayo; Umsebenzi wokuphendula wangaphambili we-MDI uphakame, kwaye i-hydroxy-i-hydroxy -bed-shain yokwandiswa kwetywina eliphantsi elisebenzayo. Ngokweemfuno zemeko yokusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha iarhente yokwandisa i-chain yokwandisa emva kokukhethwa emva kohlobo lwe -bekoe.
二, I-Polygraphuthane ePhezulu yeProlysurethane Chain ekwandisiweyo kunye neempawu zesicelo
2.1 I-Arammer ephambili i-Arammer Hahan Amine Amine Chain
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ngokugqwesileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokulinganisa, i-arhente dilaine dilahation yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo neyona ndawo isetyenziswayo ye-chain yokwandisa i-Polyurethane.
Ihlala isetyenziswa iiarhente zokwandisa intsholongwane ikakhulu zibandakanya i-3, 3'-Dichlori-4, 4'-Depylene Glyccoon (4-Amino Bezoate ) (I-740m), i-4,4' -'4'-i-sub-iphinde kabini (i-3-chlorine-2,6-i-Dilone Aniline) . I-5-Diracle Sulflenene (DMTDA, ebizwa ngokuba yi-E-300) kunye nezinye iimveliso.
Isishwankathelo seempawu zesicelo kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
Iarhente yokwandisa i-Moca Chain yeyona arhente yokwakheka kwe-chain yokwamkelwa kwabafundi ifakwe kwimveliso ehambelelweyo kwezorhwebo kwilizwe lam. Lilizwe eliqinileyo kubushushu begumbi. Ineempawu zeemveliso zePolyurethane ezinokusetyenziswa ngokwemigaqo yokhuseleko kunye nokulula, ezinokuthi zifezekise iimpawu zeenkcazo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemilo ezahlukeneyo. I-elastity ye-polyurrethanes iphezulu, i-right-right-up, ixhaphakileyo, ixhathisa ngobuchule, ukumelana noburharha kunye nezinye izinto ezigqibeleleyo. Inokwenza iimveliso ezinkulu. Intsebenzo ebanzi yearhente yokwanda kwe-Delate Delate. Ukusukela kuphuhliso lwe-DUPOnt kwiminyaka yoo-1950s, iMoca ithathe indawo ebalulekileyo kwicandelo le-polyurrethane. Okwangoku yeyona nto inkulu ye-polyurrethane chain yokwamkelwa. Ibalulekile nangakumbi kwicandelo lokuthulula i-polyurrethane yexesha elithile. At present, the well -known MOCA manufacturers in China are: Suzhou Xiangyuan New Materials Co., Ltd. (subsidiary Jiangsu Xiangyuan Chemical Company), Huaibei Xingguang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Chongshun New Material Technology Co., Ltd . Itekhnoloji yeHiua CO., i-LTD I-LTD
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, phantsi kobunkokeli beenkampani zaseTshayina, itekhnoloji yemveliso yeMoca iye yakhula ngakumbi. Umzekelo, izixhobo ze-Xiangyuan ze-xiangyuan Izixhobo zezempilo zabasebenzi, ukungcoliseka okukhulu, kunye nokuzinza kwemveliso ye-hydgenan ye-hddrogenation ye-hydrogenation. Indlela eqhubekayo ithatha i-hydrogen i-hydrogen ye-hydrogen ye-Acoustics ye-Acousting Acousting Acousting kunye neMveliso, ukuQalisa, ukuSebenzisa ngokupheleleyo, iMveliso eluthulolo, ukukhutshwa kwero Isixhobo esiqhubekayo seMoca siye saba ngumenzi wemveliso ethembekileyo ye-Polyurrethane Chain ekwamkelayo.
Ukongeza, izixhobo ezitsha zeXiangyuan nazo zikwaphuhlise i-Xylink740m kunye ne-Xylink ye-chain yokwanda koKhuphiswano, eqonda ukuba abavelisi bezixhobo, ukukhuthaza iindleko, kwaye banciphise izicelo.
2.2 Eyona nto iphambili ye-iromatic dilateral yokwandiswa
I-Agement ye-Dilatic Dilating ye-Dhembitic Diating iquka iPhenyl-phenolic hydroxyxyl-esekwe kwi-Ether (HQe), i-Exlodhenylbethunol . Isishwankathelo seempawu zesicelo kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
Iarhente yokwanda kwe-HQe Yicawa eqinileyo, engatyhafisi, ungcoliseko -free -free kunye nokucaphukisa. Ihambelana ngokuchanekileyo neMDI kwaye inokwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ubomi bezinto ezibonakalayo. Izixhobo ezintsha zeXiangyuan ziphuhlise i-HQe, yena, i-Xylink HQeE-L, Xylinklinkher-L.XYlinkER-L Umgangatho uphezulu kuneemveliso ezifanayo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye iimveliso zithengiswa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
2.3 Ezinye iiarhente zokwanda kwe-chain yokwanda kwe-artin enomsebenzi okhethekileyo
Ngokunyuka kwamacandelo ePolytorthane evalayo, iiarhente zokwandisa iPolyporethane kunye netekhnoloji yesicelo ikhuthaze ngokuqhubekayo ukuze ifezekise imfuno yentengiso yePolyurethane. Amashishini emveliso aphuhlise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-chain yokwanda kokwanda koKhuphiswano.
I-Tianmen Ubusika (i-DMD230) Ngaba ukwanda kwe-chain equkethe i-aminin ye-amino -free, esetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwengubo yangaphantsi okanye i-deight. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Polytte eqhelekileyo, imveliso inempendulo ephakathi, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukusebenza kakuhle ngokwakhiwa, kunye nemveliso efanelekileyo. Inegloss elungileyo kwaye ibonakalayo nge-polycoges kwi-pilyciotripoonate ye-pilycisonate, iguquko oluhle kunye notshintsho lwemozulu, ukumelana nemozulu, kunye nokukhuselwa kwemozulu. Ukongeza kwiibhlorho, imingxunya, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ring kunye neempawu zendlela, zinokusetyenziswa kwizicelo eziphakamileyo ezinjengeengubo ezikhuselayo kunye nehelikoptals ye-Blassings yamabala amabala. Ukuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nokukhuthaza le mveliso kuya kunceda ukukhulisa ukukhula okuphezulu kwengubo.
Ukusasazeka (311) ye-iromamine dihamine kunye ne-sodium ye-chlorium ye-chlorind (311) luhlobo lokuntywila kwe-aromatic dihamine kunye neetyuwa ze-inrganic. Ingayithandwa ngeentlobo zeepolitiki zangaphambi kwe-polystane kwiqondo lokushisa kwigumbi. Ilungele imilo entsonkothileyo okanye enkulu. Iimveliso zendawo, ukuhlengahlengiswa kwengingqi, nakwamanye amathuba afuna ixesha elide lokusebenza, kunokusetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokunyanga i-Epoxy Retin. Iimveliso ezifanayo zibandakanya i-caytur 31da eUnited States, i-Xylink 311, Xiangyuan
Abanye abantu abaphantsi kwenqanawa efana ne-oxidibene, iKetone Amine, njl njl.
三, imeko yophuhliso yeearhente zokwanda kokwanda kwe-Polyurrethane
Umzi mveliso wam wokwakhiwa kwe-polysurethane inesiseko esibuthathaka sophuhliso. Kwiintsuku zokuqala, intengiso yokwanda kwe-Polyurthane ye-Polyurthane ye-Polyurthane ye-Porin ihlala ifakwe kumashishini amaninzi amashishini. Ukusukela ukungena kule nkulungwane, iqela leenkampani zokwanda kwe-Poryurethane Chain ezimelwe nge-Xiangyuan Izixhobo ezintsha ziye zaphuka ngempumelelo i-monopolies yase-wiangyuen ziphuphume ngempumelelo i-monopolies yangaphandle emva kwe-R & D neTekhnoloji. Ezinye zeemveliso zokwandisa i-Polyredthane zam ze-Polyredthane zifikelele kwinqanaba leemveliso zamanye amazwe ezifanayo.
Njengoyena mfuno omkhulu we-polyurethane polyurethane, inkqubo yemveliso yeMoca ivuthiwe, izinzile, imodareyitha, kwaye ifanelekile. Kwintsimi yokugalela umzimba we-elastic kwizicelo ezihamba ezantsi, ngakumbi inkqubo ye-TDI, inani elikhulu leemveliso zePolyurethane ziqokelelene, i-PolyureTthane iqokeleleke uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kwemakethi ukuziqhelanisa. Ixabiso liphezulu. Emva kweminyaka yokusetyenziswa, umsitho othile wenziwe. Inendima engenakufikelelwa, kwaye intsimi yesicelo ihlala inda rhoqo.
Ulawulo lwekhemikhali laseYurophu, njengeziko eliphethe isiqinisekiso se-EU, sikhuphe ingxelo ngoNovemba 30, 2017. Emva kokuthembisa umngcipheko we-30 ka-2017. Intsebenzo, ukuxabiseka-Ukungasebenzi kunye nezinye izibonelelo akuhlawulwa, kwaye okwangoku azikho ezinye iindlela.
Imveliso yokwakhiwa kwamaTshayina ePorntirethane iqale emva kwexesha. Kwiintsuku zokuqala, ngenxa yenqanaba lobuchwephesha bemveliso ephantsi, ebuthathaka yokuthengiswa kwemveliso, kunye ne-R & D italente ye-R & D, i-Polyredthane Chain Entermation yenziwa kumashishini amaninzi. Kude kube ngo-1990s, inani le-Polyredthane Chain Ansers Ansers yaphula ngempumelelo itekhnoloji ye-R & D kunye nokuqhutywa kweemveliso zokwanda kwe-Polytune Chain. Ngokukodwa, izinto ezintsha zikaXiaculoan ziye zakhokelela ekwakheni i-10,000 -ton-Ivel eqhubekayo yeMoca. Umgangatho wemveliso kunye nenqanaba lobugcisa lafika kwinqanaba eliphambili lehlabathi kunye nekhaya eliphambili. Okwangoku, abavelisi basekhaya bemakhaya baye bakwazi ukufikelela kwiimfuno ze-Iamine yasimahla. I-Grantular Moca kunye ne-High-Premteratouperation -Chang -Chang Moca kwiimveliso ze-MOCA zithandwa ngumzi mveliso wasePoliurethane.
Ishishini le "Yeshumi elinesihlanu leminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu le" yeshumi elinesihlanu leminyaka emihlanu ye-Polyurerthane iphakamisa loo nto ukongeza ekukhuliseni ubungakanani bemveliso ye-chain yokwandiswa kwe-chain ye-chain ye-chain ye-MCDEA, e-100 , Yena, i-HQe kunye nezinye iimveliso kufuneka zinyuswe. Ngokusekwe kwiimveliso ze-MOCA, ngokudityaniswa kwezixhobo zePolyurrethane kunye neemveliso, ezinye iimveliso zokwandisa izikhonkwane zokwandisa ivele, zenza ubume omiselweyo ngeemveliso zeMoca.
Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kophando lwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso, iimveliso ezintsha zokwanda kwe-chain ye-chain eneenzuzo zesantya sokuphendula, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lwendalo. Isicelo siqolile ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye isixa semali siyaqhubeka nokwandisa. Umzekelo, i-P-1000, P650, P250, 740m, ngenxa yempawu zayo eziluhlaza, ezinobuhlobo, ezingenatyhefu, zingeyonyani, ngokuthe ngcembe, ngokuthe ngcembe yavula imakethi yesicelo kwimimandla emininzi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokukhula kunye nokukhula kwenkqubo yeMDI enobuhlobo kwindalo, ubungakanani be-filforminess dilateral dilateral disilates ehambelanayo kwaye iyahambelana nenkqubo ye-MDI Ukugqwesa komzimba ogqwesileyo njengokuxhathisa ubushushu kunye namandla okuphezulu. Ukongeza kwiimveliso zokuthulula, zikwazi ukuvelisa iimveliso eziphezulu ze-therfotistic ze-elastomic, ezinokukhululeka. Kwiindawo zesicelo ezineMfuno eziPhezulu zeNtsebenzo zeZinto zePolyurethane kumazwe aphuhlileyo kunye neearhente zokwanda kwePolyurethane, i-chain yokwanda kokwanda kolwandiso anje nge-740m, i-HQe, isebenza ngokuqinileyo. Iarhente yokwandisa i-chain yokwandisa i-chain ineengenelo ezahlukileyo ngendlela ethile, kwaye umbundu wobugcisa uPhakamileyo. Okwangoku, imakethi yasekhaya ikwinqanaba lokukhuthaza usenza isicelo.
四, iphethini yophuhliso ye-Polyredthane Chain Expan
Ishishini lePolyurethane eMntla Merika neNtshona Yurophu liqokelele ishumi leminyaka yophuhliso. Umzi mveliso unamandla oqoqosho omeleleyo kumzi mveliso, kwaye imakethi ikhula ngokuvakalayo. Kwangelo xesha, abathengi kwezi ndawo baneemfuno eziphezulu zomsebenzi kwiimveliso zePolyurethane, kwaye imfuno yearhente yokwanda kokwanda koqhawulo-mtshato iyakhawuleza ngakumbi kuneMoca. Okwangoku, amazwe aphuhlileyo afana neYurophu kunye ne-United States bathatha isabelo esikhulu sebango learhente yokwanda kolwandiso olutsha.
Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwePolyurethane kwi-Asia -paculafic kunye namanye amazwe avelayo ngokuba ngamandla aphambili okuqhuba ngenxa yemfuno ye-polyurrethane yehlabathi. Phakathi kwabo, iAsia -Pasifiki yeyona ndawo iphambili kwimakethi yabathengi ye-Polyredthane yeHlabathi, inika ingxelo malunga ne-48% yesabelo sentengiso yehlabathi jikelele; Amanye amazwe avelayo anje nge-India, eBrazil, eMexico, njl. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo eYurophu naseMelika, eminye yale mimandla kule mimandla isekwe kwinqanaba lokuqala lokukhulisa umzi-mveliso. Banomdla kakhulu kwixabiso lezinto ezingafunekiyo kwicandelo lePolyurethane kwaye banike ingqalelo ngakumbi kwiindleko kunye nokusebenza kweendleko. Kwixa elizayo, kwixa elizayo, le ndawo iza kuhlala igcina imfuno ephezulu yeMocas ephezulu.
Okwangoku, eyona nto iphambili ye-polyurrethane yokwanda kweenkampani, ezinjenge-Kazaka Kaguan Air (i-United States Air (i-United States (i-United States ngo-2016), kunye ne-United States Coco (njl ., i-monopolid kwihlabathi uninzi lwesabelo sentengiso yokwanda kokwanda kolwandiso, ezinye iinkampani ezincinci ezingenakuphuculwa kwishishini I-Urestousity System -Cearch System isusiwe yimpembelelo yomgangatho wemveliso kunye nexabiso, kunye nokuxinana kweshishini lokwandiswa kwekhonkco lendlela ekwandisiweyo. Kwangelo xesha, iinkampani ezinkulu zixhomekeke kumandla amakhulu kunye nophando kunye nophuhliso lokwandisa izixhobo zemveliso ezinkulu kunye nemveliso yemveliso, kunye namaziko entengiso, kunye namaziko entengiso kunye ne-R & D kwiindawo ezinobuchule obuphezulu, Iimarike, kunye neemeko zomsebenzi.
I-5. Imeko yangoku kunye nolwakhiwo lophuhliso lweearhente zokwanda kwePolyurethane
Njengesongezelelo esibalulekileyo se-Polyredthane, iiarhente zokwandisa iPolyurethane zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwinkqubo yetyala (kubandakanya i-cayints, amachaphaza, ukutywina kunye nemizimba ye-elaite) kwizixhobo ze-polyurethane. Phakathi kwazo, i-polyurethane ye-polymer yezinto zokwenza i-polymer phakathi kwerabha kunye neplastiki. Inendawo ephezulu yerabha kunye nobunzima obukhulu kunye namandla aphezulu eplastiki. Izihlandlo ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-10), kudume "kukumkani irabha" kwaye unamandla amahle, ukuxhathisa kweoyile, ukuxhathisa iikhemikhali, ukuxhathisa i-Sydion kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwendlela yokusebenza kobushushu kunye nokunganyangeki kweqondo lobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokuxhaphaza amaqondo obushushu kunye nokunganyangeki kweqondo lobushushu kunye nokunganyangeki kwengqondo. Ukongeza kuhlobo lokuphalaza okuqhelekileyo kunye ne-Thermoplastic Polysurethane ye-Elastic, iPolytourthane ye-Polymoring ye-Elastic ikwabandakanya nezixhobo, i-Polysurethane ye-Elastic ikwabandakanya izinto ezinamachaphaza, ukutywina, isikhumba, njl. Njl njl. Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwenqanaba lobugcisa, i-polyurethane ye-polyurthane ithathelwe indawo kwirabha, iiplasitiki, kunye neentsimbi kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo efana neemoto, imigodi, izixhobo, ezemidlalo, ezemidlalo, kunye nezothutho.
Ngokweenkcukacha-mali ezivela kwiiarhente ezifanelekileyo, ukuselwa kwetyala laseTshayina (umzimba we-elaisti, umthwalo we-elaisti, isikhumba se-theasti, ukutywina kwe-7.77% ngo-2016 ukuya ku-11.5% .5%.
I-elastity ye-upolyurethane yaseTshayina ngo-2016 yayingama-925,000 iitoni, kwaye iziphumo zika-2021 zafikelela kwi-1.5 yezigidi zeetoni ze-10.2%; Inqanaba lokukhula konyaka lokukhula yayiyi-12.5%. Kuqikelelwa ukuba nge-2025, ilizwe lam le-polysurethane yelizwe lasePolystic le-Polyurthene iya kufikelela kwiitoni eziyi-2.059 ezizigidi, ezasezakuba kwinqanaba elikhawulezayo lophuhliso.
Emhlabeni jikelele, ukukhutshwa kwehlabathi jikelele ze-polytomers kufikelela kwi-2,52 yezigidi ngonyaka ka-2016 kunye ne-3.539 yezigidi ze-2021, kunye nenqanaba lonyaka lokukhula kwe-7.0%. Ngo-2025, imveliso yehlabathi ye-polyurrethane elastomer kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-4.495 yezigidi zeetoni, zibonisa indlela ekhawulezayo yophuhliso kunye nezinzileyo.
I-Thermoplastic Polymorithane Elastomer (i-TPU) inxibe ngokuchaseneyo. Amandla ayo angamathobezi aphezulu, e-oyile, i-oyile, ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana kwemozulu, kunye nokuchaswa kwe-ozone kunzulu, kwaye uluhlu lobunzima lubanzi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwentengiso ye-TPU kuye kwandisiwe kwishishini lezihlangu ukuya kwimimandla ephezulu yentengiso efana nemakethi yentengiso, inqwelo moya, kunye nokukhusela isisingqongileyo. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, ukusukela ngo-2014 ukuya ku-2021, umyinge ophakathi wokukhula kwemveliso yemveliso ye-TPU e-China yayiphezulu nge-14.5%. Ngo-2021, imveliso yam ye-TPU yayimalunga ne-645,000 yeetoni. Ilizwe lam libe lilizwe elikhulu le-TPU. Imveliso yokukhuphela kunye ne-Net Thumezela inyuke ngokuqinileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Ukusuka kwimbono yemfuno, imakethi ye-TPU ye-TPU ngoku igxile eYurophu, eUnited States, nakwimimandla yaseAsia -pasific. Phakathi kwazo, ingingqi yaseAsia ekhokelwa yi-China yeyona ntengiso ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwi-TPU jikelele. Ngokweenkcukacha zekomiti ekhethekileyo ye-chinaurethane ye-chinarethane, ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kweemveliso zePolyurethane kwilizwe lam ngo-2018 .. .
I-TPU isengenye yeemveliso ezinokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwi-polyurethane kungekudala. Ilizwe lam libe lilizwe elikhulu le-TPU. Ngokweenkcukacha-mali, umndilili wenqanaba lonyaka lokukhula kwe-TPU ngo-2017 ukuya ku-521 wayephezulu kwi-12.9%, apho itotali engama-2021 yayingu-50,6% ngonyaka. Ngokusekwe kwi-TPU ye-TPU ye-TPU ye-1.09 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2021, ukusetyenziswa kwe-TPU ye-TPU kudlule kwisiqingatha sehlabathi. Kwixa elizayo, iimfuno zezixhobo zeShie, ifilimu, imiphetho, kunye neengcingo ziya kugweba ngakumbi. Kwicandelo lezixhobo zonyango, iingcingo zentambo, kunye nefilimu, iya kuphinda ithathe indawo yezixhobo ze-PVC zemveli. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ithathe indawo ye-EVA kwicandelo lezihlangu. Kulindelwe ukuba i-TPU iza kuhlala i-10 kwixesha elizayo le-10% okanye ngaphezulu kokukhula. Kulindelwe ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwalo kuya kufikelela malunga ne-900,000 yeetoni ngonyaka wama-2026.
Ngokwandiswa ngokuthe ngcembe kwemveliso yokuvelisa, iindleko zeemveliso ze-polyurrethane ze-polyurethane zisezantsi, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zihlukane, iimfuno zentengiso ziphuculwe, kwaye ukukhula kwemizi-mveliso kuyakhawuleza. Ngexesha lesicwangciso seminyaka elishumi ubudala " Ukonyusa ukukhula kwetyala kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokufumana izinto ezisisiseko zezinto ezisisiseko, ugxile kwizicelo zePolytiamen Water -To -Todradramine Polyfonunus; Gxila ekuqhubeni ithiyori esisiseko kunye netekhnoloji yobunjineli; ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso, kuphuhlise iimveliso ezintsha, kwandisa intsimi yesicelo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezibonelelo zophuhliso kuloliwe, uhola wendlela, usasazo lwamandla, njl. Njl. Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa bezobugcisa be-polyherthane abadlali be-zero formaldehydehyde ukongeza iipleyiti zokufakwa; ukuphuhlisa ukwahluka, ukusebenza, kunye nexabiso eliphezulu le-Ammonia Ukomeleza uphando kunye netekhnoloji yesicelo ye-Polyredthane yamanzi ePolyredthane yamanzi, ukusebenza, ixesha lokuqina kwexesha; Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zePolyurethane kwizakhiwo ezazimiselwe kwangaphambili.
Olona candelo luphambili lokuphuhliswa kwebala le-Elastomer yile:
I-Polyurrethane Elastobile kwiimoto. Umzi mveliso weemoto zanamhlanje uphuhliswa ngokusebenza phezulu, umgangatho ophezulu, ubunzima bokukhanya, intuthuzelo kunye nokhuseleko. Izixhobo zokwenziwa kwerabha kunye neplastiki zithatha indawo yezixhobo zentsimbi, ezivula ithemba elibanzi lokusetyenziswa kwe-elastomers.
I-Polyurrethane ye-elastomes yokwakha. I-Asphalt ye-Asphalt yaziva itshintshwe ngokuthe ngcembe yizinto eziqinisekileyo ze-polyuprethane; Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Polyredthane yeMidlalo yeMidlalo ngakumbi nangaphezulu. Umanyano lokwandiswa kweebhlorho ezinkulu, ukulala kwesantya esiphakamileyo sikaloliwe, i-Rouley Rulway kunye ne-Coulkhi yendlela ephezulu yenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe i-PVC Elastomed eqinile kubushushu begumbi.
Polyurrethane Elastomer yokusetyenziswa kwam. Kukho imfuno enkulu yezixhobo ezingezizo ezingesosinyithi kunye nokudinwa okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu kunye nobunzima kwimigodi yamalahle, intsimbi kunye nemigodi yentsimbi.
Polyreurthane Elastomer yezihlangu. I-Polychloride Ester Elastity inezibonelelo zokusebenza okuhle, ubunzima bokukhanya, zinxibe ukunganyangeki, ukunganyangeki kwe-skid, njalo njalo, iye yaba yinto exhasayo kwishishini lezihlangu.
Polyurrethane Elastomer yokusetyenziswa kwezonyango. I-biomatinigo elungileyo, ukungangqinelani kwegazi kwaye akukho zivumelwano zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-TPU kunye ne-CPU kwicandelo lezonyango. Isicelo sayo kwicandelo lezonyango kwaye impilo ibanzi kakhulu.
Iphepha elitsha lePorntirethane. Itekhnoloji yezinto eziphathekayo kulindeleke ukuba ize nexesha elitsha lokuqhuma kwemakethi ye-Polyurrethane.
六, i-Polyurethane Chain Expan Ishishini "i-14th isicwangciso soPhuculo"
Ukusuka kwimbono yehlabathi, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwecandelo lokwakha, ishishini lezithuthi, izixhobo zobukrelekrele, amandla amatsha kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo ziqhube kakhulu kwimfuno yeemveliso zePolyurethane. I-Polyurdthane ye-Polyurthane iqhubeka itshintsha itekhnoloji kunye nokusetyenziswa, kwaye iya kuqhubeka nokukhuthaza uphuhliso kunye nemveliso yeemveliso zePolyurethane. Ngokwandiswa kweemveliso zePolyurethane ebaleni kunye nentengiso yendawo yokuhlala edolophini, imfuno eyahlukeneyo yeemveliso zePolyurethane ziya kukhuthaza i-Piin Chain Agents Agents Agents.
Kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zePolyurrethane kwezinye iindawo ze-niche nazo ziya kuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza. Iingcali zeShishini zihlalutya ukuba imfuno yehlabathi ye-Porntirethane iya kwanda kwinqanaba le-4.5% ngonyaka. Phakathi kwazo, umyinge ophakathi wokukhula kwemfuno yePolyurethane uqikelelwa ukuba yi-5.7% kwicandelo lefriji, izihlangu, izinto zokuzonwabisa kunye namanye amasimi. Ibango kwicandelo lemveliso linda kancinci, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba libe malunga ne-3.3% ngonyaka. Amazwe avelayo kwi-Asia -Pasifiki axhaswe yitekhnoloji yokwandisa izicelo ezisezantsi, kwaye ibango le-Polyurrethanes liza kufikelela kwinqanaba lokukhula kabini ngonyaka.
Njengesixhobo esibalulekileyo esibalulekileyo seshishini lePolyurrethane, ishishini le-Polyredthane le-Polyredhane kufuneka liphumeze ingcinga entsha yophuhliso. Apha ngezantsi, umxholo wokukhuthaza ukukhula okuphezulu kwemveliso yePolyurrethane, kunye nolwalathiso lokukhuthaza umzi-mveliso wePolyurrethane ukukhawulezisa ukwenziwa kwendlela yophuhliso olutsha "lwe-gestle", egxile kwi-Green, ephantsi, kunye neDijithali Inguqu. , Khawulezisa ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yemibutho yanamhlanje, khuthaza "iintsilelo" zemveliso ephezulu, "ubambe indlela ephambili" kwi-Teplogies ePhezulu, "Vula indlela entsha" kwiimveliso zemveli, kwaye zikhuthaze ilizwe lam ukuba liye kwi-polyurethane kwi-polyurethane kwi-o ilizwe elomeleleyo.
Okwangoku, i-Polyurethane Chain i-Cein iyodwa yaba lelinye lezinto eziyimfuneko zePolyurethane ezinqabileyo zeeprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso zesizwe zikazwelonke. Umzi mveliso wasePolyurethane uyanda kutyalo-mali olutsha, ukuphucula indlela yokukhusela kwendalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho ophezulu. Ukuseta kwiimfuno ze-aerospace, ulwazi lwe-elektroniki, amandla amatsha, oolomvuzo ophezulu, ukhathalelo lwemveliso ye-Polyurthane, izendlela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-Polyurthane Confer Andrives kwi-Training Training ukuya kuphucula i Inqanaba lophuhliso ngokubanzi lwe-Polyurrethane.
Inkqubo yophuhliso ye-Polyredthane Chain ishishini lokuphuhlisa umgangatho ophezulu, i-chain eluhlaza enomtsalane ngemveliso yokukhusela ukusikelela kwendalo. Ayisiyo nje icocekile kwaye icocekile kwinkqubo yemveliso, kodwa ikhuselekile kwaye iluhlaza kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa ukukhuthaza inkqubo yolo luhlaza lweMveliso yePolyturethane yemveliso yePolyturethane yemveliso. Okwesibini, ukwandisa ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezikhoyo ezikhoyo, ukwenzela ukuba i-chain ye-chain yengcali epheleleyo izele sisimo esitsha sesicelo. Inqanaba lobuchwephesha belinye lasekhaya le-Polyredthane Prein ilingana neenkampani zezinto ezininzi, kodwa kuyafuneka ngakumbi uphando lokwenza ukuba abasebenzisi beemveliso, ngakumbi ukukhuthaza iimveliso ze-famine ye-famine enesidima kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kwaye Ukuphelisa ifuthe lokudibana kwe-Conning Andsundar ukuze ugcine amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunye neendleko. Elesithathu kukuphuhlisa kwakhona iimveliso ezintsha ngokwemfuno yentengiso, ukubonelela ngeemveliso ezisemgangathweni ezifanelekileyo kunye nephezulu kumzi-mveliso wasePolyreurthane, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zentengiso esezantsi kwaye zandise umda wesicelo.
Ngezixhobo ze-polyurethane, i-chain i-cheinel lixabiso elibalulekileyo neliqhosha elinesixa esikhulu kunye nexabiso elongeziweyo, elibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemveliso. Ukongeza, kwezinye izinto zePolyurrethane kunye nePlayim yePlayiti, i-Polytourthane Chain inesiphumo esibonakalayo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemveliso. Kwicandelo lePolyurethane, i-Polyurethane Chein Indawo yentengiso inkulu. Ukwenzela ukukhuthaza nokukhokelela kuphuhliso oluphezulu lomzi-mveliso wePolyurethane, kuyimfuneko ukomeleza uphando lwesicelo kunye nokukhuthaza i-Polyurthane Consun, kwaye uphuhlise iintlobo ezingcono ze-polyturethane, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zePolyurethane thakaza impilo, amandla Ukugcina, ukhuseleko kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza kwesicelo, ukuze kwenziwe igalelo elikhulu kubomi obungcono babantu.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: FEB-08-2023