I-polyurethane yimathiriyeli emitsha ebalulekileyo ebalulekileyo.Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo, yaziwa ngokuba "yeyesihlanu iplastiki enkulu".Ukusuka kwifenitshala, iimpahla, ukuya kwezothutho, ukwakhiwa, ezemidlalo, kunye ne-aerospace kunye nolwakhiwo lwezokhuselo lwelizwe, izinto eziphathekayo ze-polyurethane ezifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo zingabameli abahlaziyiweyo bezinto ezintsha zeekhemikhali kunye nenkxaso ebalulekileyo kwilizwe lam ukwakha ilizwe elinamandla.
Emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 yophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini lemathiriyeli ekrwada ye-polyurethane, ibonise utshintsho ukusuka kumthamo-ukuya-kumgangatho wotshintsho.Itekhnoloji yemveliso kunye nomthamo wemveliso ye-isocyanate ibekwe kwindawo ehamba phambili kwihlabathi.Ingene kwixesha lokukhuthazwa kweteknoloji engene kuphuhliso oluphezulu.Okwangoku, i-China iye yaba yeyona nto inkulu emhlabeni kunye nesiseko semveliso ye-polyurethane, kunye nowona mmandla ugcweleyo kwinkalo yezicelo ze-polyurethane.
Njengesongezo esiphambili se-polyurethane, ii-agent zokwandiswa kwe-polyurethane zizinto ezinokusabela kunye neempendulo zeqela elisebenzayo kumgca we-polymer chain ukwandisa ikhonkco lemolekyuli kunye nokunyusa ubunzima bemolekyuli.Yimathiriyeli ekrwada eyimfuneko kwimveliso yeemveliso ezininzi ze-polyurethane.Kwi-synthesis yemathiriyeli ye-polyurethane, i-agent yokwandisa i-polyurethane inokufikelela kwiikhemikhali ezimbini: ukwanda kunye nokudibanisa-ukuxhamla ukuphumeza ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukuveliswa kwezinto eziphezulu ze-polyurethane, ezifana nokuqinisa ukuqina, ukuqina, kunye nokukrazula iqondo lemveliso ye-polyurethane, kunye neqondo lokukrazula.IFiziksi kunye nokusebenza okubanzi kweekhemikhali zokumelana nobushushu, ukuxhathisa kweoli, ukumelana nemozulu kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola.
一、 Indima kunye nokuhlelwa kwe-arhente yokwandiswa kwekhonkco le-polyurethane
I-agent yokwandisa i-polyurethane ibhekisela kwi-amine ye-molecular ephantsi kunye neekhompawundi ezinxilisayo eziqulethe amaqela amabini asebenzayo, anokuvelisa i-polymer yomgca we-line nge-reaction ye-chain expansion.Ngokusebenzisa i-agent ezahlukeneyo zokwandiswa kwekhonkco, okanye ukutshintsha i-formula yokwandisa ikhonkco, ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali zamazinga ahlukeneyo kufezekiswa, kunye nezixhobo ze-polyurethane ezineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ziveliswa.
Indima ye-polyurethane chain expansion agents kwi-polyurethane synthesis reactions ikakhulu ibandakanya:
(1) I-agent ye-polyurethane yokwandisa i-agent ineqela leempawu (i-amino kunye neqela le-hydroxyl) elinokwenza ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali nge-isocyanate.Ubunzima be-molecular kunye ne-reaction ephilayo inokwenza inkqubo ye-polyurethane reaction ngokukhawuleza yandise okanye iqiniswe, ivelise umgca kunye nobunzima obukhulu be-molecular I-molecules inomsebenzi wepolymer.
(2) Izandisi zekhonkco ezahlukeneyo zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphinda zisebenze.Ngokusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-agent zokwandisa i-chain kunye ne-dosage, lungisa i-viscosity ye-reactor, iimolekyuli kunye nezakhiwo ze-morphological ukuziqhelanisa nemveliso ye-polyurethane kunye neemveliso zeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zomgangatho.
3 -ukunciphisa ukudinwa, ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nemozulu, ukuxhathisa kweoli, ukumelana nokugqwala, njl.
Ii-agent zokwandisa i-polyurethane ngokubanzi zohlulwe zibe yi-amine, utywala kunye notywala.Ukususela ekusebenziseni iinkqubo zenkqubo kunye nezakhiwo zokusebenza, i-dilate kunye ne-diol zisekelwe ikakhulu kwinkqubo yenkqubo kunye nesakhiwo sokusebenza.Ii-agents ze-dilate-type dilatation ze-traditional ezifana ne-ethylene glycol, i-1,4-butanol, kunye ne-dihydramol enye-shrinkable, njl., zinokusebenza okulinganiselweyo kwiimveliso ze-polyurethane, kwaye zi-arhente eziqhelekileyo zokwandisa ikhonkco.I-arhente yokwandiswa kwekhonkco kunye nokusebenza okucacileyo kwemathiriyeli ye-polyurethane ubukhulu becala ziindidi ezimbini: i-dihanramine enevumba elimnandi kunye ne-diol enuka kamnandi.Ibizwa ngokuba yi-arhente yokwandiswa kwekhonkco eliphezulu.Ibonakala ngeringi ye-benzene eqinile.Amandla, ukuxhathisa kwe-abrasion, ukuchasana okuphakathi kunye nezinye iimpawu.
I-arhente yokwandisa i-diharamine enevumba elimnandi ayisiyonto nje efunekayo yokongeza kwi-synthetic polyurethane elastic series imathiriyeli.Eyona ndawo ibanzi, imbi, kunye neyona arhente yokwandiswa kwetsheyini ye-polyurethane ephezulu kakhulu.
Imizimba elastiki yokugalelwa ngokwemveli ye-polyurethane idla ngokulungiswa ngobuchule obunamanyathelo amabini, oko kukuthi, ulungelelwaniso lwangaphambi kwexesha, emva koko ludityaniswe nee-arhente zokwandiswa kwekhonkco ukwenzela ukuqina.Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-isocyanate, i-prefabricated inokwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo kwiintlobo ze-TDI kunye ne-MDI.Xa kuthelekiswa nezi zimbini, umsebenzi wokusabela kwangaphambi kwexesha we-TDI uphantsi, kwaye ubukhulu becala uhambelana neearhente zokwandiswa kwekhonkco leamine;I-MDI prefabricated reaction activity iphezulu, kunye ne-hydroxy-based chain extension agent ene-low esebenzayo ye-hydroxyl-based seal.Ngokweemfuno zokusetyenziswa kweemeko kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha i-arhente yokwandisa ikhonkco efanelekileyo emva kokukhethwa emva kohlobo lwe-isocyanate.
二、Umgangatho ophezulu wokusebenza wepolyurethane chain iintlobo zemveliso kunye neempawu zesicelo
2.1 Eyona arhente yokwandiswa kwekhonkco le-arammer dihan amine
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu, i-arhente ye-dihamine dilation enuka kamnandi yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu iarhente yolwandiso lwekhonkco kwimathiriyeli elastiki ye-polyurethane.
Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa i-dianramine i-aromatics yokwandisa i-aromatics ibandakanya i-3, i-3'-dichlori-4, i-4'-diodes (i-MOCA: uhlobo I, uhlobo Ⅱ, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, njl.), 1,3-propylene glycol Kabini (4-amino benzoate ) (740m), 4,4′-sub-base-double (3-chlorine-2,6-diecene aniline) (M-CDEA), i-polyphamorethyl ether Diol ezimbini-pair aminbenzoate (P-1000, P-650, P -250, njl.), 3,5-ezimbini ethylene torneramine (DETDA, eyaziwa ngokuba E-100), 3,5-diracle Sulfenylene (DMTDA, eyaziwa ngokuba E-300) kunye nezinye iimveliso.
Isishwankathelo seempawu zesicelo kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso eziphambili ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Iarhente yolwandiso lwekhonkco leMOCA yeyona arhente yolwandiso lwetyathanga lokuqala lobuchwephesha olutyale imali kwimveliso yeshishini kwilizwe lam.Yimeko eqinileyo kubushushu begumbi.Ineempawu zeemveliso ze-polyurethane ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokulula, ezinokuhlangabezana neempawu zeempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nemilo.I-elasticity ye-polyurethanes iphezulu, i-high-rebound, i-high-wear-resistant, i-aggressive resistance, i-corrosion resistance and other comprehensive properties.Inokwenza iimveliso ezinobungakanani obukhulu.Lumsebenzi obanzi we-aromatics dilate expansion agents.Ukusukela ekuphuhlisweni kweDuPont ngeminyaka yee-1950, i-MOCA ibambe indawo ebalulekileyo kwibala le-polyurethane elasticity.Ngoku iyeyona arhente inkulu yokwandiswa kwetsheyini yepolyurethane.Kubaluleke ngakumbi kwintsimi yokugalela ukuqina kwe-polyurethane.Okwangoku, abavelisi beMOCA abaziwayo baseTshayina ngaba: Suzhou Xiangyuan New Materials Co., Ltd. (i-subsidiary Jiangsu Xiangyuan Chemical Company), Huaibei Xingguang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Chongshun New Material Technology Co., Ltd. . I-Hua Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (eyayiyi-Binhai Mingsheng Chemical Co., Ltd.), i-Chizhou Tianci High -tech Materials Co., Ltd., ukongeza, kukho iTaiwan Shuangbang Industrial Co., Ltd., iTaiwan Sanhuang Co. ., Ltd., kunye neKatshan Kohshan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, phantsi kolawulo lweenkampani zaseTshayina, itekhnoloji yemveliso ye-MOCA iye yanda.Umzekelo, i-Xiangyuan New Materials iyoyisa ingxaki yempilo yabasebenzi, ungcoliseko olunzulu, kunye nozinzo olungonelanga lokuveliswa kwe-hydrogenation ye-hydrogenation ye-hydrogenation.Indlela eqhubekayo ivuselela i-hydrogen hydrogenation ye-high-purity acoustics kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa i-MOCA, ukuqonda i-automation, ivalwe ngokupheleleyo, imveliso eluhlaza, ukuqonda i-solvents, uthuli-free, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kokugcina amandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-zero.Isixhobo esiqhubekayo sokuvelisa i-MOCA siye saba ngumvelisi wemveliso owaziwayo kwihlabathi le-agent ye-polyurethane yokwandisa ikhonkco.
Ukongeza, izixhobo eziNtsha zeXiangyuan zikwaphuhlise iXylink740M kunye neXylink P yeearhente zokwandisa ikhonkco lee-arhente, ziqonda ushishino kolu luhlu lweemveliso, ukukhuthaza abavelisi bemathiriyeli be-polyurethane ukuphucula umgangatho, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokwandisa izicelo.
2.2 I-agent ephambili yokwandisa i-diol dilateral expansion
Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa i-aromatics diol dilation agents ziquka i-phenyl-phenolic hydroxyl-based ether (HQEE), i-interciphenylbenols, i-hydroxyl ether (HER), kunye ne-hydroxyethyl-based phenolic pyrodhenol umxube (HQEE-L), umxube we-Hydroxyethylhhexybenol (HER-L), njl. isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizinto ezenziwe nge-polyurethane kwiinkqubo zenkqubo ye-MDI, eyi-arhente yokwandisa ikhonkco engeyiyo ityhefu kunye nohlobo longcoliseko.Isishwankathelo seempawu zesicelo kunye nophuhliso lweemveliso eziphambili ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-arhente yokwandisa ikhonkco le-HQEE sisakhiwo semolekyuli esinevumba elimnandi lokwandisa i-arhente yokwandisa.Lisuntswana eliqinileyo, elingenatyhefu, lingenangcoliseko, kwaye liyacaphukisa.Inokuhambelana kakuhle ne-MDI kwaye inokwandisa ngokufanelekileyo ubomi bezinto eziphathekayo.I-Xiangyuan New Materials iphuhlise i-HQEE, i-HER, i-Xylink HQEE-L, i-Xylinkher-L i-agent yokwandisa i-chain chain.Umgangatho uphezulu kuneemveliso ezifanayo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye iimveliso zithengiswa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
2.3 Ezinye ii-aromatics chain expansion agents ezinentsebenzo eyodwa
Ngokunyuka kwamasimi asakhulayo e-polyurethane, iiarhente ezintsha zokwandiswa kwe-polyurethane kunye netekhnoloji yesicelo ziye zakhuthazwa ngokuqhubekayo ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yemarike ye-polyurethane.Amashishini emveliso aphuhlise iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-arhente zokwandiswa kwekhonkco lentsebenzo ekhethekileyo.
I-Tianmen Winterine (i-DMD230) lulwandiso lwekhonkco oluqulethe i-amin ezimbini ze-amin-free, ezisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwezinto ezingenayo i-solventless okanye i-high-solid content coatings.Xa kuthelekiswa neepolyettes eziqhelekileyo zokutshiza, imveliso inempendulo ephakathi, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukusebenza kakuhle kolwakhiwo, kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo kwemveliso.Ineglosi elungileyo kunye neziphumo ezibonakalayo kunye ne-polycoges ekulungiseleleni i-chloride enamafutha e-polycisotripocyanate, ukuguquguquka okuhle kunye neempawu zoomatshini, utshintsho olutyheli oluxhathisayo olutyheli, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nemozulu entle, kunye nokhuseleko olude.Ukongeza kwiibhulorho, iitonela, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomgangatho kunye neempawu zendlela, inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwizicelo eziphezulu ezifana neengubo zokukhusela kunye nehelikopta ehlanganisiweyo yesikhumba ye-wind blades.Ukuveliswa kwamashishini kunye nokukhuthazwa kwale mveliso kuya kunceda ukuphuhliswa komgangatho ophezulu weengubo.
Ukusasazwa (311) kwediharamine enuka kamnandi kunye neekhompawundi zesodium chloride (311) luhlobo lweqabane lediharamine enuka kamnandi kunye neetyuwa ezingaphiliyo.Inokuthi ihambelane neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-polyurethane pre-polystants kwiqondo lokushisa.Ilungele ngokukhethekileyo imilo enzima okanye enkulu.Iimveliso zengingqi, i-microwave vulcanization, kunye nezinye izihlandlo ezifuna ixesha elide lokusebenza, zinokusetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokunyanga i-epoxy resin.Iimveliso ezifanayo ziquka iCaytur 31DA e-United States, i-Xylink 311, i-Xiangyuan New Materials.
Ezinye ii-submarine zokunyanga ii-agent ezifana ne-oxidazole, i-ketone amine, njl.njl. inokunciphisa amathuba okugquma okanye ezinye iimveliso zokuvelisa amaqamza kudidi oluphakathi lokunyanga, kwaye nayo inendawo yophuhliso.
三、 Ubume bophuhliso lweearhente zokwandiswa kwekhonkco le-polyurethane
Ishishini lelizwe lam lolwandiso lwepolyurethane linesiseko sophuhliso esibuthathaka.Kwiintsuku zokuqala, imakethi yolwandiso lwekhonkco lwe-polyurethane yasekhaya ibisoloko ilawulwa ngamashishini avela kumazwe ngamazwe.Ukusukela ekungeneni kule nkulungwane, iqela leenkampani zasekhaya zokwandiswa kwekhonkco le-polyurethane ezimelwe yi-Xiangyuan New Materials ziye zaphula ngempumelelo i-monopolies zangaphandle emva kweminyaka ye-R & D kunye nokuqokelela iteknoloji.Ezinye zeemveliso zokwandiswa kwetsheyina lepolyurethane yelizwe lam zifikelele kwinqanaba leemveliso ezifanayo zamazwe ngamazwe.
Njengeyona arhente yokwandisa i-amine polyurethane, inkqubo yemveliso ye-MOCA ikhulile, izinzile, iphakathi, kwaye ifanelekile ekuphenduleni.Kwintsimi yokugalela umzimba we-elastic kwizicelo ezisezantsi, ngakumbi inkqubo ye-TDI, inani elikhulu leemveliso ze-polyurethane ziqokelele inani elikhulu leefomyula ezivuthiweyo zeemveliso ze-polyurethane ezivuthiweyo ukuqina kunye nokusebenza kwe-Essence MOCA kuye kwavavanywa emva kweminyaka emininzi yokuthengisa kunye nomthengi. ukuziqhelanisa.Iindleko ziphezulu ngokwentelekiso.Emva kweminyaka yokusetyenziswa, umqobo wenkqubo ethile yenziwe.Inendima engenakubuyiselwa, kwaye indawo yesicelo ihlala isanda.
I-European Chemical Administration, njengeziko elijongene ne-EU Reach certification, likhuphe ingxelo ngoNovemba 30, 2017. Emva kokuthelekisa imingcipheko yokhuseleko, ukusebenza, kunye neendleko zexabiso, licebise ukuba kwintsimi ye-polyurethane elastic body, umgangatho wemveliso ye-MOCA. Ukusebenza, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kunye nezinye izinto eziluncedo zibalaseleyo, kwaye okwangoku akukho ndlela yimbi.
Ishishini lokwandiswa kwepolyurethane yaseTshayina laqala kade.Ngeentsuku zokuqala, ngenxa yenqanaba elisezantsi letekhnoloji yemveliso, ubuthathaka obuxhasa izixhobo eziluhlaza, kunye nokungonelanga kweetalente ze-R & D, imakethi yolwandiso lwekhonkco lwe-polyurethane yasekhaya iye yalawulwa kumashishini ezizwe ngezizwe.Kude kube ngoo-1990, inani labenzi basekhaya bokwandiswa kwetsheyina le-polyurethane baphule ngempumelelo ubuxhakaxhaka betekhnoloji yangaphandle emva kweminyaka ye-R & D kunye nokuqokelelana kobugcisa, kunye nokusebenza kwezinye iimveliso ze-agent ye-polyurethane chain yafikelela kwinqanaba leemveliso ezifanayo zamazwe ngamazwe.Ngokukodwa, izinto ezintsha ze-Xiangyuan zikhokele ekwakheni i-10,000 -ton -level eqhubekayo isixhobo sokuvelisa i-MOCA.Umgangatho wemveliso kunye nenqanaba lobugcisa lifikelele kwinqanaba eliphambili kunye neliphambili lehlabathi.Okwangoku, abavelisi be-MOCA basekhaya baye bakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-ionamine yasimahla.I-MOCA yegranular kunye ne-high-temperature yellow-etshintsha i-MOCA kwiimveliso ze-MOCA zithandwa lishishini le-polyurethane.
"Isicwangciso seMinyaka eSishumi elineSibini seSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu" soshishino lwepolyurethane sicebisa ukuba ukongeza ekwandiseni isikali semveliso yomgangatho ophezulu wokwandiswa kwetyathanga le-MOCA, ukukhuthaza kunye nokusetyenziswa kweearhente ezintsha zokwandiswa kwetsheyini iMCDEA, E-100. , HER, HQEE kunye nezinye iimveliso kufuneka zinyuswe.Ngokusekwe kwiimveliso zothotho lwe-MOCA, kunye nokwahlukahlukana kwezinto kunye neemveliso ze-polyurethane, ezinye iimveliso zokwandiswa kwamakhonkco amatsha ziye zavela, zenza uhlengahlengiso olwahlukileyo kunye neemveliso ze-MOCA.
Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kophando lweteknoloji kunye nophuhliso, iimveliso ezintsha ze-high-performance aromatics chain expansion agents zineenzuzo ezithile kwisantya sokuphendula, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukusebenza, ukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo.Isicelo siye sakhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye inani lesicelo liyaqhubeka nokukhula.Ngokomzekelo, i-P-1000, i-P650, i-P250, i-740M, ngenxa yeempawu zayo eziluhlaza, ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo, ezingenabungozi, ngokuthe ngcembe zavula imarike yesicelo kwiinkalo ezininzi.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nophuhliso kunye nokukhula kwenkqubo ye-MDI ehambelana nokusingqongileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwesikali se-high-performance aromatic diol dilateral dilation agents ezifana ne-HQEE kunye ne-HER ehambelana ngcono kwaye iyahambelana nenkqubo ye-MDI iye yanda ngokuthe ngcembe, inika i-polyurethane elasticity. ukugqwesa okugqwesileyo komzimba Imisebenzi ethile efana nokumelana nobushushu kunye namandla okukrazula.Ukongeza kwimveliso yokugalela imveliso, inokuvelisa iimveliso eziphezulu ze-thermoplastic elastomic, ezinokukhululeka.Kwiindawo zesicelo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zokusebenza kwezixhobo ze-polyurethane kumazwe aphuhlisiwe kunye nezinye izinto ze-polyurethane, i-agent yokwandisa i-chain njenge-740m, i-HQEE, i-HER igxininise isicelo.I-ejenti entsha yokwandisa ikhonkco ineenzuzo ezihlukeneyo kwizahlulo ezithile, kwaye umda wezobugcisa uphezulu kakhulu.Okwangoku, imarike yasekhaya isekho kwinqanaba lokunyusa isicelo.
四, Ipateni yophuhliso lweshishini lokwandiswa kwekhonkco le-polyurethane
Ishishini le-polyurethane eMntla Melika naseNtshona Yurophu liqokelele amashumi eminyaka yophuhliso.Ishishini linamandla obugcisa obuqinileyo kushishino, kwaye imarike ikhulile.Kwangaxeshanye, abathengi kwezi ndawo banemfuno yokusebenza ephezulu yeemveliso ze-polyurethane, kwaye imfuno yeearhente ezintsha zokwandiswa kwekhonkco ikhawuleza kune-MOCA.Okwangoku, amazwe aphuhlileyo afana neYurophu kunye ne-United States athatha esona sabelo siphambili semfuno yeearhente ezintsha zokwandiswa kwekhonkco.
Ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe-polyurethane kummandla we-Asia-Pacific nakwamanye amazwe asahlumayo kuba yeyona nto iqhuba imfuno ye-polyurethane yehlabathi.Phakathi kwazo, ummandla we-Asia-Pacific sele ungowona mhlaba mkhulu we-polyurethane umthengi wemarike, obala malunga ne-48% yesabelo semarike yehlabathi;amanye amazwe asakhasayo anjengeIndiya, iBrazil, iMexico, njl., imfuno ye-polyurethane kwizakhiwo, izinto zokwakha, impahla yasekhaya kunye namanye amashishini ayakhula.Nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa namazwe aphuhlileyo aseYurophu nase-United States, eminye yale mimandla kule mimandla isekwinqanaba lokuqala loshishino.Banovelwano kakhulu kwixabiso lezinto eziluhlaza kwishishini le-polyurethane kwaye bahlawule ingqalelo ngakumbi kwiindleko kunye nokusebenza kweendleko.Kwixesha elizayo, kwixesha elizayo, le ndawo iya kugcina imfuno ephezulu yee-MOCAs zeendleko eziphezulu.
Okwangoku, iinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe zokwandisa i-polyurethane, ezifana ne-Kazaka Kagosan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd., i-United States Air Chemical (i-Winchuang efunyenwe ngo-2016), kunye ne-United States Coco (efunyenwe nguLangsheng ngo-2017), njl. ., ukulawulwa kwehlabathi Uninzi lwesabelo semarike yee-arhente zokwandisa ikhonkco, ezinye iinkampani ezincinci ezingenayo ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yophando-iyunivesithi-iyunivesithi ziye zapheliswa yimpembelelo yomgangatho wemveliso kunye nexabiso, kunye noxinzelelo lwekhonkco. Ulwandiso loshishino lwande ngakumbi.Kwangaxeshanye, iinkampani ezinkulu zikwathembele kumandla emali eyinkunzi eyomeleleyo kunye nophando kunye nemvelaphi yophuhliso ukuze kwandiswe imathiriyeli ekrwada yobuchwephesha kunye nesikali semveliso yemveliso, kunye nokuseka i-monopoly enkulu iziseko zemveliso kunye neentengiso kunye namaziko e-R & D kwiindawo ezinezibonelelo ezibalaseleyo, iimarike, kunye neemeko zabasebenzi.
5. Ubume bangoku kunye nolwalathiso lophuhliso lwe-polyurethane expansion agents
Njengesongezo esibalulekileyo semathiriyeli ye-polyurethane, ii-agent zokwandisa i-polyurethane zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-CASE (kubandakanywa iingubo, i-adhesives, i-sealing kunye ne-elastic body) kwizinto ze-polyurethane.Phakathi kwabo, i-polyurethane elastic body yimathiriyeli eyenziwe ye-polymer phakathi kwerabha ngokubanzi kunye neplastiki.Inayo zombini ukuqina okuphezulu kwerabha kunye nokuqina okuphezulu kunye namandla aphezulu eplastiki.Amaxesha ama-5 ukuya kwali-10), inegama elithi "inkosi yerabha engagugiyo" kwaye inamandla omatshini, ukuxhathisa kweoyile, ukumelana neekhemikhali, ukumelana nokuguquguquka kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokusebenza kobushushu.Ukongeza kuhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokugalelwa kunye ne-thermoplastic polyurethane elastic body, imathiriyeli ye-polyurethane elastiki ye-elastiki ikwabandakanya izinto zokuncamathelisa, iingubo, ukutywina, izinto zokugalela, i-sole, isikhumba sokwenziwa, ifayibha, njl. njl. ezithi zibe yilastiki ye-polyurethane.Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwinqanaba lobugcisa, i-polyurethane elasticity iye yatshintshwa kwirabha, iiplastiki, kunye neentsimbi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neemoto, imigodi, ukushicilela, izixhobo, ukusetyenzwa koomatshini, ezemidlalo kunye nokuthutha.
Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwii-arhente ezifanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Chinese polyurethane CASE (umzimba we-elastic, iingubo, isikhumba sokwenziwa, ukutywinwa kunye nokunamathiswa) ngo-2021 kwakuyi-7.77 yezigidi zeetoni, kwaye umyinge wokukhula ngonyaka we-11.5% ngo-2016-2021 wawuyi-11.5%.
I-elasticity ye-polyurethane yaseTshayina ngo-2016 yayiziitoni ezingama-925,000, kwaye imveliso ngo-2021 yafikelela kwi-1.5 yezigidi zeetoni, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka le-10.2%;umyinge wokukhula ngonyaka wokusetyenziswa kwaba yi-12.5%.Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2025, imveliso yelizwe lam i-polyurethane elastiki iya kufikelela kwi-2.059 yezigidi zeetoni, ezisaya kuba zikwimeko yophuhliso olukhawulezayo.
Kwihlabathi jikelele, imveliso ye-polyurethane elastomers yehlabathi ifikelele kwi-2.52 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2016 kunye ne-3.539 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2021, kunye nezinga lokukhula elihlangeneyo lonyaka le-7.0%.Ngo-2025, imveliso yehlabathi jikelele ye-polyurethane elastomer kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kwi-4.495 yezigidi zeetoni, ebonisa uphuhliso olukhawulezayo noluzinzileyo.
I-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) inokumelana okugqwesileyo kokunxiba.Amandla ayo okuqina aphakamileyo, amade, amelana ne-oyile, ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana nemozulu, kunye nokumelana ne-ozone kubalaseleyo, kwaye uluhlu lobunzima lubanzi.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kwentengiso ye-TPU kuye kwanda ukusuka kushishino lwezihlangu ukuya kwiindawo zentengiso eziphezulu ezifana namayeza, ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.Ngokwezibalo, ukusuka ku-2014 ukuya ku-2021, umyinge wokukhula komndilili wonyaka wemveliso ye-TPU e-China wawuphezulu njenge-14.5%.Ngo-2021, imveliso yeTPU yelizwe lam yayimalunga neetoni ezingama-645,000.ilizwe lam libe lelona lizwe likhulu lemveliso yeTPU yehlabathi.Imveliso kunye nomthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe iye yanda ngokuthe chu kule minyaka yakutsha nje.
Ngokwembono yemfuno, imakethi ye-TPU yehlabathi ngoku igxile eYurophu, eUnited States, nakwimimandla yaseAsia-Pacific.Phakathi kwabo, ummandla wase-Asiya okhokelwa yi-China yeyona ntengiso yengingqi ikhawulezayo kusetyenziso lwe-TPU yehlabathi.Ngokwezibalo ze-Elastic Special Committee ye-China Polyurethane Industry Association, ukusetyenziswa okupheleleyo kweemveliso ze-polyurethane kwilizwe lam ngo-2018 kwafikelela kwi-11.3 yezigidi zeetoni, apho ukusetyenziswa kwe-polyurethane elastomers (TPU + CPU) yayimalunga ne-1.1 yezigidi zeetoni. .
I-TPU iseyenye yeemveliso ezikhula ngokukhawuleza kwi-polyurethane kwixa elizayo.ilizwe lam libe lelona lizwe likhulu labathengi be-TPU kwihlabathi.Ngokwezibalo, i-avareji yonyaka yokukhula komyinge we-TPU yaseTshayina ngo-2017-2021 yayiphezulu njenge-12.9%, apho ukusetyenziswa okupheleleyo ngo-2021 kwakuyi-602,000 yeetoni, ukwanda kwe-11.6% ngonyaka.Ngokusekwe kwimveliso ye-TPU yehlabathi ye-1.09 yezigidi zeetoni ngo-2021, ukusetyenziswa kwe-TPU yasekhaya kudlule kwisiqingatha sehlabathi.Kwixesha elizayo, iimfuno zeempahla zezicathulo, ifilimu, imibhobho, kunye neengcingo ziya kuba namandla ngakumbi.Kwintsimi yezixhobo zonyango, iingcingo zentambo, kunye nefilimu, iya kuthatha indawo yezixhobo zePVC zemveli.Kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuba kuthathelwe indawo i-EVA kwindawo yezinto zesihlangu.Kulindeleke ukuba i-TPU ihlale i-10 kwixesha elizayo 10 10 %Okanye ngakumbi ukukhula.Kulindeleke ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuya kufikelela malunga neetoni ezingama-900,000 ngo-2026.
Ngokunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kwesikali semveliso, ixabiso lemveliso elastiki ye-polyurethane lisezantsi, iintlobo ngeentlobo zahluke kakhulu, imfuno yentengiso iphucukile, kwaye uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso luyakhawuleza.Ngexesha "leSicwangciso seMinyaka yeShumi elineSine", ishishini le-Case kufuneka likhuthaze ngamandla uphuhliso lweemveliso kwicala lokujonga amanzi, okunganyibilikiyo, kunye nokuqina okuphezulu;ukwandisa uphuhliso lwe-CASE kunye nophuhliso lobuchwephesha bokwenziwa kolwakhiwo lwesiseko semathiriyeli ekrwada, kugxininise kwi-polytianmen yamanzi -to -pyrodramine polyphonus Application;kugxilwe ekuqhubeni ithiyori esisiseko samanzi kunye nophando lobuchwephesha bobunjineli;ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso, ukuphuhlisa iimveliso ezintsha, banzi ibala isicelo, nokukhuthaza ulwakhiwo lweziseko ezitsha ulwakhiwo kuhambo kaloliwe, uhola wendlela, itonela ibhulorho, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, njl Kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwentsimi yezonyango;ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa bezinto zokuncamathelisa i-polyurethane zero formaldehyde ukongeza iipleyiti ezenziweyo;ukuphuhlisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo, ezisebenzayo, kunye nexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo ammonia;ukuqinisa uphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kweteknoloji ye-polyurethane isakhiwo sezinto ezingenamanzi, ukusebenza, ixesha elide;Ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-polyurethane kwizakhiwo ezenziwe ngaphambili.
Izalathiso eziphambili zophuhliso lwebala le-elastomer zezi:
Polyurethane elastomers iimoto.Ishishini leemoto lanamhlanje liphuhla lijolise ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, umgangatho ophezulu, ubunzima obulula, intuthuzelo kunye nokhuseleko.Irabha kunye nezixhobo zeplastiki zokwenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe zitshintsha izinto zetsimbi, nto leyo evula ithemba elibanzi kakhulu lokusetyenziswa kwe-polyurethane elastomers.
Polyurethane elastomers ukwakhiwa.I-asphalt yemveli ivakale imathiriyeli engenamanzi iye yatshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe yinto ehlala ihleli, edibeneyo yokwakha i-polyurethane engangeni manzi;Ukusetyenziswa komzila wezemidlalo we-polyurethane kuninzi nangaphezulu.Ukudityaniswa kokwandiswa kweeBhulorho ezinkulu, indawo yokulala kaloliwe ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu, umgaqo weenqwelo-moya kunye ne-caulking yohola wendlela nazo zenziwe ngokuthe ngcembe nge-PVC elastomer eqiniswe kubushushu begumbi.
I-polyurethane elastomer yokusetyenziswa kwam.Kukho imfuno enkulu yezinto ezingezizo zetsimbi ezinokumelana nokunxiba okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu kunye nokunwebeka kwimigodi yamalahle, imigodi yesinyithi kunye nengeyontsimbi.
I-polyurethane elastomer yezihlangu.I-Polychloride ester elasticity ineenzuzo zokusebenza kakuhle kwe-buffering, ubunzima obulula, ukumelana nokunxiba, ukuxhathisa kwe-skid, njalo njalo, ibe yinto ebalulekileyo exhasayo kwishishini lezihlangu.
I-polyurethane elastomer yokusetyenziswa kwezonyango.Ukuhambelana kakuhle kwe-biocompatibility, ukuhambelana kwegazi kwaye akukho zongezelelo zizathu ezibalulekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-TPU kunye ne-CPU kwizinto zonyango.Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwinkalo yezonyango kunye nempilo ibanzi kakhulu.
Iphepha elitsha elihlanganisiweyo le-polyurethane.Itekhnoloji yemathiriyeli ehlanganisiweyo kulindeleke ukuba izise ixesha elitsha lokuqhambuka kwemarike yee-polyurethane elastomers.
六、Ishishini lokwandiswa kwekhonkco lePolyurethane "Isicwangciso se-14 seMinyaka emiHlanu" indlela yophuhliso
Ngokwembono yehlabathi, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwebala lokwakha, ishishini leemoto, izixhobo zobuntlola ze-elektroniki, amandla amatsha kunye namashishini okhuselo lokusingqongileyo kuye kwaqhuba kakhulu imfuno yeemveliso zepolyurethane.Iingxilimbela ze-polyurethane zehlabathi ziyaqhubeka nokusungula ubuchwepheshe kunye nokusetyenziswa, kwaye ziya kuqhubeka nokukhuthaza uphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kweemveliso ezintsha ze-polyurethane.Ngokwandiswa kweemveliso zepolyurethane ebaleni kunye nobubanzi bemakethi yetheminali esezantsi, imfuno eyohlukeneyo yeemveliso zepolyurethane iya kukhuthaza ukusungulwa ngokutsha kunye nophuhliso lweearhente zekhonkco le-polyurethane.
Kwiminyaka eyi-10 ezayo, ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-polyurethane kwezinye iindawo ze-niche nazo ziya kuphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza.Iingcali zoshishino zihlalutya ukuba imfuno yehlabathi ye-polyurethane iya kunyuka ngesantya se-4.5% ngonyaka.Phakathi kwabo, umyinge wokukhula wonyaka wemfuno ye-polyurethane kuqikelelwa ukuba yi-5.7% kwimimandla yefriji, isihlangu, iingubo, ukuzonwabisa kunye nezinye iindawo.Imfuno kwintsimi yemveliso inyuke kancinci, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ibe malunga ne-3.3% ngonyaka.Amazwe asahlumayo kummandla we-Asia-Pacific aye axhaswa ngeteknoloji entsha yokwandisa izicelo ezisezantsi, kwaye imfuno ye-polyurethanes iya kufikelela kwinqanaba lokukhula kabini ngonyaka.
Njengemathiriyeli ekrwada ebalulekileyo kushishino lwepolyurethane, imveliso yelizwe lam yokongeza i-polyurethane kufuneka iphumeze ngokungagungqiyo ingqikelelo entsha yophuhliso.Apha ngezantsi, umxholo wokukhuthaza uphuhliso olukumgangatho ophezulu weshishini le-polyurethane, kunye nesikhokelo sokukhuthaza ishishini le-polyurethane ukukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kwepateni entsha yophuhliso "ye-double-cycle", egxininisa kuhlaza, kwikhabhoni ephantsi, kunye nedijithali. inguqu., Ukukhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje, ukukhuthaza "iintsilelo" zeemveliso eziphezulu, "bamba i-high-end" iteknoloji engundoqo, "vula indlela entsha" kwiimveliso zemveli, kwaye ukhuthaze ilizwe lam ukusuka kwi-polyurethane ukuya kwindawo ilizwe elomeleleyo.
Okwangoku, i-polyurethane chain extender iye yaba yenye yezinto eziyimfuneko ze-polyurethane kwiiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso zesizwe.Ishishini le-polyurethane chain extender linyusa utyalo-mali olutsha, liphuhlisa kwicala lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu.Ukugxininisa kwiimfuno ze-aerospace, ulwazi lwe-elektroniki, amandla amatsha, iimoto, umzila ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu, umzila kaloliwe, uhola wendlela, iiBridges ezinkulu, ukhathalelo lwempilo kunye namashishini okhuselo lwesizwe, inguqu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-polyurethane chain extender impumelelo yetekhnoloji iyakhawuleza ukuphucula inqanaba lophuhliso jikelele kushishino polyurethane.
Umkhombandlela wophuhliso lweshishini le-polyurethane chain extender kukuphuhlisa umgangatho ophezulu, iimveliso ze-green chain extender kunye nokusebenza okungaphezulu kokusingqongileyo.Ayicocekanga kuphela kwaye ayinangcoliseko kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, kodwa ikhuselekile kwaye iluhlaza kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso ze-polyurethane eluhlaza.Okwesibini, ukwandisa ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso esele chain extender, ukuze ikhonkco lobuchwephesha ekhoyo extender egcwele amandla entsha isicelo.Inqanaba lobuchwephesha lamanye amashishini asekhaya e-polyurethane chain extender alingana naleyo yeenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa uphando olongezelelweyo lwesicelo luyafuneka ukwenza abasebenzisi abaninzi baqonde ukongama kweemveliso, ngakumbi ukukhuthaza iimveliso zedayimane ezinolwelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo, kwaye ukwenza impembelelo ye-synergistic ye-chain extender ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kunye neendleko.Okwesithathu kukuqhubela phambili ukuphuhlisa iimveliso ezintsha ngokwemfuno yemarike, ukubonelela ngeemveliso ezifanelekileyo nezisemgangathweni ophezulu kwishishini le-polyurethane, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike esezantsi kunye nokwandisa umda wokusetyenziswa.
Kwimathiriyeli ye-polyurethane elastic, i-chain extender yinto ebalulekileyo kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo yokongeza kunye nexabiso eliphezulu elongezelelweyo, elibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemveliso.Ukongeza, kwezinye izinto ze-polyurethane kunye neeplastiki ze-foam, i-polyurethane chain extender inefuthe elicacileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemveliso.Kwishishini le-polyurethane, indawo yentengiso ye-polyurethane chain extender inkulu.Ukuze ukhuthaze kwaye ukhokele uphuhliso oluphezulu loshishino lwe-polyurethane, kuyimfuneko ukomeleza uphando lwesicelo kunye nokukhuthazwa kwe-polyurethane chain extender, kunye nokuphuhlisa iintlobo ezingcono nangaphezulu ze-polyurethane chain extender phantsi kwesiseko sokunikela ingqalelo kwimpilo, amandla. ukonga, ukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza kwezicelo, ukuze kube negalelo elikhulu kubomi obungcono babantu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-08-2023