Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka ingxabano phakathi kweRashiya neUkraine, iYurophu ibijongene nengxaki yamandla. Ixabiso leoyile negesi yendalo linyuke kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelele ekunyukeni okukhulu kweendleko zemveliso yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zeekhemikhali ezinxulumene noko.
Nangona ingenazo izibonelelo zezixhobo, imboni yeekhemikhali yaseYurophu isabandakanya i-18% yentengiso yeekhemikhali kwihlabathi liphela (malunga ne-4.4 trillion yuan), ikwindawo yesibini emva kweAsia, kwaye likhaya leBASF, umvelisi weekhemikhali omkhulu kwihlabathi.
Xa unikezelo oluphezulu lusemngciphekweni, iindleko zeenkampani zeekhemikhali zaseYurophu zinyuka kakhulu. ITshayina, uMntla Melika, uMbindi Mpuma kunye namanye amazwe axhomekeke kwizixhobo zawo kwaye awachaphazeleki kangako.
Kwixesha elifutshane, amaxabiso amandla aseYurophu asenokuhlala ephezulu, ngelixa iinkampani zeekhemikhali zaseTshayina ziya kuba nenzuzo entle yeendleko njengoko ubhubhane eTshayina uphucuka.
Emva koko, kwiinkampani zeekhemikhali zaseTshayina, zeziphi iikhemikhali eziza kuzisa amathuba?
I-MDI: Umsantsa weendleko unwetshiwe waya kwi-1000 CNY/MT
Amashishini e-MDI onke asebenzisa inkqubo efanayo, inkqubo ye-phosgene yesigaba solwelo, kodwa ezinye iimveliso eziphakathi zinokuveliswa yi-coal head kunye ne-gas head iinkqubo ezimbini. Ngokuphathelele imithombo ye-CO, i-methanol kunye ne-synthetic ammonia, iTshayina isebenzisa kakhulu imveliso yeekhemikhali zamalahle, ngelixa iYurophu kunye ne-United States zisebenzisa kakhulu imveliso yegesi yendalo.
Okwangoku, umthamo we-MDI waseTshayina ubandakanya i-41% yamandla ehlabathi liphela, ngelixa iYurophu ibandakanya i-27%. Ekupheleni kukaFebruwari, iindleko zokuvelisa i-MDI ngegesi yendalo njengezinto eziluhlaza eYurophu zonyuke phantse yi-2000 CNY/MT, ngelixa ekupheleni kukaMatshi, iindleko zokuvelisa i-MDI ngamalahle njengezinto eziluhlaza zonyuke phantse yi-1000 CNY/MT. Umsantsa weendleko umalunga ne-1000 CNY/MT.
Idatha yeengcambu ibonisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-MDI eyenziwe nge-polymer eTshayina kudlule ngaphezulu kwe-50%, kuquka ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle okupheleleyo ngo-2021 ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.01 yezigidi ze-MT, ukukhula konyaka nonyaka kwe-65%. I-MDI ziimpahla zorhwebo lwehlabathi, kwaye ixabiso lehlabathi lihambelana kakhulu. Ixabiso eliphezulu laphesheya kulindeleke ukuba liphucule ngakumbi ukhuphiswano lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nexabiso leemveliso zaseTshayina.
I-TDI: Umsantsa weendleko unwetshiwe waya kwi-1500 CNY/MT
Njenge-MDI, amashishini e-TDI ehlabathi lonke asebenzisa inkqubo ye-phosgene, ngokubanzi amkela inkqubo ye-phosgene yesigaba solwelo, kodwa ezinye iimveliso eziphakathi zinokuveliswa ziinkqubo ezimbini zentloko yamalahle kunye nentloko yegesi.
Ekupheleni kukaFebruwari, iindleko zokuvelisa i-MDI ngegesi yendalo njengezinto eziluhlaza eYurophu zonyuke malunga ne-2,500 CNY/MT, ngelixa ekupheleni kukaMatshi, iindleko zokuvelisa i-MDI ngamalahle njengezinto eziluhlaza zonyuke phantse nge-1,000 CNY/MT. Umsantsa weendleko wanda waya kuthi ga kwi-1500 CNY/MT.
Okwangoku, amandla e-TDI eTshayina athatha i-40% yamandla ehlabathi liphela, kwaye iYurophu ithatha i-26%. Ke ngoko, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso aphezulu egesi yendalo eYurophu kuya kukhokelela ekwandeni kwemveliso yeendleko ze-TDI malunga ne-6500 CNY / MT.
Kwihlabathi liphela, iTshayina yeyona ithumela impahla ngaphandle kwe-TDI. Ngokwedatha yerhafu yerhafu, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwe-TDI eTshayina kumalunga ne-30%.
I-TDI ikwayimveliso yorhwebo lwehlabathi, kwaye amaxabiso ehlabathi ahambelana kakhulu. Iindleko eziphezulu zaphesheya kulindeleke ukuba ziphucule ngakumbi ukhuphiswano lokuthumela ngaphandle kunye namaxabiso eemveliso zaseTshayina.
I-asidi ye-formic: Isebenza kakuhle, ixabiso liphindwe kabini.
I-asidi ye-formic yenye yeekhemikhali ezisebenza ngamandla kulo nyaka, inyuke ukusuka kwi-4,400 CNY/MT ekuqaleni konyaka ukuya kwi-9,600 CNY/MT kutshanje. Imveliso ye-asidi ye-formic iqala ngokusuka kwi-methanol carbonylation ukuya kwi-methyl formate, ize emva koko i-hydrolyzes ibe yi-formic acid. Njengoko i-methanol ijikeleza rhoqo kwinkqubo yokusabela, izinto ezikrwada ze-asidi ye-formic yi-syngas.
Okwangoku, iTshayina neYurophu zithatha i-57% kunye ne-34% yamandla okuvelisa i-formic acid kwihlabathi liphela ngokulandelelana, ngelixa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kungaphezulu kwe-60%. NgoFebruwari, imveliso yasekhaya ye-formic acid yehla, kwaye ixabiso lenyuka kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamaxabiso e-formic acid xa imfuno incinci kakhulu kungenxa yeengxaki zobonelelo eTshayina nakwamanye amazwe, isiseko sazo yingxaki yegesi phesheya, kwaye okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukuncipha kwemveliso yaseTshayina.
Ukongeza, ukhuphiswano lweemveliso ezisezantsi kwishishini leekhemikhali zamalahle nalo lunethemba. Iimveliso zeekhemikhali zamalahle ikakhulu yi-methanol kunye ne-synthetic ammonia, ezinokwandiswa ngakumbi kwi-acetic acid, i-ethylene glycol, i-olefin kunye ne-urea.
Ngokwendlela yokubala, inzuzo yeendleko zenkqubo yokwenza amalahle e-methanol ingaphezulu kwe-3000 CNY/MT; Inzuzo yeendleko zenkqubo yokwenza amalahle e-urea imalunga ne-1700 CNY/MT; Inzuzo yeendleko zenkqubo yokwenza amalahle e-acetic acid imalunga ne-1800 CNY/MT; Ingxaki yeendleko ze-ethylene glycol kunye ne-olefin kwimveliso yamalahle isusiwe ngokusisiseko.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-19-2022