Ukuqinisa imithetho yokusingqongileyo yehlabathi kuyayitshintsha imeko-bume yeshishini le-perchloroethylene (PCE). Amanyathelo olawulo kwiimarike ezinkulu kuquka iTshayina, i-US, kunye ne-EU asebenzisa ulawulo olupheleleyo olugubungela imveliso, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokulahla, okuqhuba eli shishini ngotshintsho olukhulu ekuhlengahlengiseni iindleko, ukuphucula ubuchwepheshe, kunye nokwahluka kwemarike.
Kumiselwe ixesha elicacileyo elingqongqo kwinqanaba lomgaqo-nkqubo. I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-US (i-EPA) ikhuphe umthetho wokugqibela ekupheleni kuka-2024, iyalela ukuba kuthintelwe ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwe-PCE ekucoceni okomileyo emva kukaDisemba ka-2034. Izixhobo zokucoca okomileyo eziphelelwe lixesha zesizukulwana sesithathu ziya kupheliswa ukususela ngo-2027, kwaye yi-NASA kuphela egcina ukukhululwa kwizicelo ezingxamisekileyo. Imigaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya iphuculwe ngaxeshanye: I-PCE ihlelwa njengenkunkuma enobungozi (i-HW41), kwaye uxinaniso lwangaphakathi lweeyure ezisi-8 lukhawulelwe kwi-0.12mg/m³. Izixeko ezilishumi elinesihlanu ezibalulekileyo kuquka iBeijing neShanghai ziya kusebenzisa imigangatho engqongqo ye-VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) ngo-2025, ifuna umxholo wemveliso ≤50ppm.
Imigaqo-nkqubo inyuse ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zokuthobela imithetho yeshishini. Abacoci benkunkuma kufuneka batshintshe izixhobo ezivulekileyo, ngexabiso lokuhlaziya ivenkile enye eliqala kwi-50,000 ukuya kwi-100,000 yuan; amashishini angathobeliyo imithetho ajongene nezohlwayo ze-200,000 yuan kunye nemingcipheko yokuvalwa. Amashishini emveliso ayalelwe ukuba afake izixhobo zokubeka esweni ii-VOCs ngexesha langempela, kunye notyalo-mali olubekwe olunye oludlula i-1 yezigidi zeeyuan, kwaye iindleko zokuthobela imithetho yokusingqongileyo ngoku zingaphezulu kwe-15% yeendleko zizonke. Iindleko zokulahla inkunkuma ziphindaphindekile: umrhumo wokulahla i-PCE esetyenzisiweyo ufikelela kwi-8,000 ukuya kwi-12,000 yuan ngetoni, ngaphezulu ngokuphindwe ka-5-8 kunenkunkuma eqhelekileyo. Iindawo zemveliso ezifana neShandong ziqalise iindleko ezongezelelweyo zamaxabiso ombane kumashishini angahlangabezani nemigangatho yokusebenzisa amandla kakuhle.
Ulwakhiwo lweshishini lukhawulezisa ukwahlukana, kunye nokuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe kuba yinto ebalulekileyo yokusinda. Kwicala lemveliso, ubuchwepheshe obufana nokwahlulwa kwe-membrane kunye ne-catalysis ephucukileyo bonyuse ubumsulwa bemveliso ukuya kuthi ga kwi-99.9% ngelixa kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-30%. Amashishini aphambili kwezobuchwepheshe anandipha umda wenzuzo we-12-15% ephezulu kuneepesenti zemveli. Icandelo lezicelo libonisa umkhwa "wokugcina okuphezulu, ukuphuma okuphantsi": ama-38% eevenkile ezincinci neziphakathi zokucoca okomileyo ziye zarhoxa ngenxa yoxinzelelo lweendleko, ngelixa iimpawu zetyathanga ezifana neWeishi ziye zafumana ithuba ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokubuyisela ezidibeneyo. Okwangoku, amasimi aphezulu afana nokuvelisa izinto ze-elektroniki kunye nee-electrolytes zamandla amatsha agcina ama-30% esabelo semarike ngenxa yeemfuno zokusebenza.
Ukuthengiswa kweteknoloji ezizezinye kuyakhawuleza, nto leyo ecinezela ngakumbi imakethi yendabuko. Izinyibilikisi zehydrocarbon, ezineendleko zokuhlaziya eziphakathi kwe-50,000 ukuya kwi-80,000 yuan, zifikelele kwisabelo semarike se-25% ngo-2025 kwaye zifanelekile ukufumana inkxaso-mali karhulumente ye-20-30%. Nangona kutyalo-mali olukhulu lwezixhobo ze-800,000 yuan ngeyunithi nganye, ukucoca okomileyo kwe-CO₂ okumanzi kubone ukukhula kokungena konyaka kwe-25% ngenxa yeenzuzo zongcoliseko olungenanto. Ioyile yesinyibilikisi sendalo ye-D30 inciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-VOCs nge-75% ekucoceni kwemizi-mveliso, kunye nomlinganiselo wemarike odlula i-5 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2025.
Ubungakanani bemarike kunye nolwakhiwo lorhwebo ziyahlengahlengiswa ngaxeshanye. Imfuno ye-PCE yasekhaya iyancipha nge-8-12% ngonyaka, kwaye ixabiso eliqhelekileyo kulindeleke ukuba lehle liye kwi-4,000 yuan ngetoni ngo-2025. Nangona kunjalo, amashishini anciphise izikhewu zasekhaya ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kumazwe aseBelt and Road, kunye nomthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe onyuka nge-91.32% unyaka nonyaka ngoJanuwari-Meyi 2025. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuya kwiimveliso eziphezulu: kwisiqingatha sokuqala sowama-2025, ukukhula kwexabiso lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe (31.35%) kudlule kakhulu ukukhula komthamo (11.11%), kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-99% yeemveliso ze-elektroniki eziphezulu zisaxhomekeke ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe okuvela eJamani.
Kwixesha elifutshane, ukuhlanganiswa kweshishini kuya kuqina; kwixesha eliphakathi ukuya kwelide, kuya kubakho umzekelo "wokugxila okuphezulu kunye notshintsho oluhlaza". Kulindeleke ukuba ama-30% eevenkile ezincinci neziphakathi zokucoca ezomileyo ziya kuphuma ekupheleni kuka-2025, kwaye amandla emveliso aya kuncitshiswa ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-350,000 ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-250,000. Amashishini aphambili aya kugxila kwiimveliso ezinexabiso eliphezulu ezifana ne-PCE ye-elektroniki ngokuphucula ubuchwepheshe, kunye nenani leshishini le-solvent eluhlaza likhula kancinci kancinci.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-11-2025