Iimbalasane
● I-Rheology ye-binary sulfate-free surfactant imixube iphawulwa ngokovavanyo.
● Iziphumo ze-pH, ukwakheka kunye nokugxilwa kwe-ionic ziphandwa ngokucwangcisiweyo.
● I-CAPB: i-SMCT surfactant mass ratio ye-1:0.5 yakha ubuninzi be-shear viscosity.
● Uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo lwetyuwa luyafuneka ukufikelela kwi-shear viscosity ubuninzi.
● Ubude becontour ye-Micellar eqikelelwa kwi-DWS ihambelana kakhulu ne-shear viscosity.
Abstract
Ukusukela isizukulwana esilandelayo se-sulfate-free surfactant platforms, umsebenzi wangoku ubonelela ngophando lokuqala olucwangcisiweyo lwe-rheological lwe-aqueous Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB)-Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate (SMCT) imixube kwimixube eyahlukeneyo, i-pH, kunye namandla e-ionic. I-CAPB-SMCT izisombululo zamanzi (i-total active surfactant concentration ye-8-12 wt. %) zilungiswe kwii-ratios ezininzi ze-surfactant weight ratios, zihlengahlengiswe kwi-pHs 4.5 kunye ne-5.5, kwaye zifakwe kwi-NaCl. Imilinganiselo yokucheba ezinzileyo kunye ne-oscillatory ye-shear viscosity, ngelixa i-diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) microrheology ibonelele ngokusonjululwa kwemodyuli ye-viscoelastic kunye nezikali zobude bemicellar. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezingenayo ityuwa, uqulunqo lubonise i-rheology ye-Newtonian kunye ne-viscosities enkulu ye-shear kwi-CAPB: umlinganiselo we-SMCT wobunzima be-1: 0.5, ebonisa ukuphuculwa kwe-cationic-anionic headgroup bridging. Ukwehliswa kwe-pH ukusuka kwi-5.5 ukuya kwi-4.5 kunikeze intlawulo eyongezelelekileyo eyongezelelekileyo kwi-CAPB, ngokwenjenjalo kwandiswa ukuntsonkotha kwe-electrostatic nge-anionic ngokupheleleyo ye-SMCT kunye nokuvelisa uthungelwano oluthe kratya lwemicellar. Ukongezwa kwetyuwa okucwangcisiweyo kumodareyithwe ukurhoxa kweqela lentloko-intloko yeqela, ukuqhuba i-morphological evolution ukusuka kwi-discrete micelles ukuya kwii-aggregates ezinde, ezinjengeentshulube. I-Zero-shear viscosities ibonise ubukhulu obahlukileyo kwi-salti-to-surfactant ratios (R), iqaqambisa ibhalansi entsonkothileyo phakathi kovavanyo lwe-electrostatic double-layer screening kunye nobude bemicellar. I-Microrheology ye-DWS ingqinele olu qwalaselo lwe-macroscopic, ityhila imbonakalo eyahlukileyo ye-Maxwellian kwi-R ≥ 1, ehambelana ne-reptation-controlled-controlled break-recombination systems. Ngokucacileyo, ukubanjiswa kunye nobude bozingiso buhlala bungaguquguquki ngamandla e-ionic, ngelixa ubude becontour bubonisa ulungelelwaniso olomeleleyo kunye ne-zero-shear viscosity. Ezi ziphumo zigxininisa indima ebalulekileyo ye-micellar elongation kunye ne-thermodynamic synergy ekulawuleni i-viscoelasticity yamanzi, ukubonelela ngesakhelo sobunjineli bokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-sulfate-free surfactants ngokusebenzisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokuxinana kwentlawulo, ukwakheka, kunye neemeko ze-ionic.
Umfanekiso we-Abstrac
Intshayelelo
Iinkqubo zokuntywila emanzini eziquka iintlobo ezihlawuliswa ngokuchaseneyo ziqashwe kakhulu kuwo onke amacandelo emizi-mveliso amaninzi, kubandakanywa izinto zokuthambisa, amayeza, amachiza ezolimo, kunye namashishini okulungisa ukutya. Ukwamkelwa okuxhaphakileyo kwezi nkqubo kubalelwa ikakhulu kubuchule bazo obuphezulu be-interface kunye ne-rheological, evumela ukusebenza okuphuculweyo kwimixube eyahlukeneyo. I-synergistic self-assembly of such surfactants zibe njengeentshulube, iaggregates ephothiweyo inika iipropathi zemacroscopic ezinokufundeka kakhulu, kubandakanywa ukonyuka kwe-viscoelasticity kunye nokuncipha koxinzelelo phakathi kobuso. Ngokukodwa, indibaniselwano ye-anionic kunye ne-zwitterionic surfactants ibonisa uphuculo lwe-synergistic kumsebenzi ongaphezulu, i-viscosity, kunye nokumodareyitha koxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Ezi ziphathamandla zivela kwintsebenziswano eqinile ye-electrostatic kunye ne-steric phakathi kwamaqela entloko ye-polar kunye nemisila ye-hydrophobic ye-surfactants, ngokuchasene neenkqubo ze-surfactant enye, apho amandla e-electrostatic aphikisayo ahlala enciphisa ukwenziwa komsebenzi.
I-Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB; ULUNCUMO: CCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCN+ (C)CC([O−])=O) sisixhobo se-amphoteric esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimixube yezithambiso ngenxa yococeko olungephi kunye neempawu zokulungisa iinwele. Ubume be-zwitterionic beCAPB yenza ukuba i-electrostatic synergy kunye ne-anionic surfactants, iphucula uzinzo lwamagwebu kunye nokukhuthaza ukusebenza kokwakheka okuphezulu. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlulileyo, imixube yeCAPB ene-sulfate-based surfactants, efana neCAPB-sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), ibe sisiseko kwiimveliso zokhathalelo lomntu. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-sulfate-based surfactants, iinkxalabo malunga nokucaphukisa i-dermal irritation kunye nobukho be-1,4-dioxane, i-byproduct yenkqubo ye-ethoxylation, iqhube umdla kwezinye iindlela ezingenayo i-sulfate. Abaviwa abathembisayo baquka i-amino-acid-based surfactants, efana neetaurates, i-sarcosinates, kunye ne-glutamates, ebonisa ukuhambelana kwe-biocompatibility kunye neempawu ezibuthathaka [9]. Nangona kunjalo, amaqela amakhulu eentloko zepolar ezi ndlela zinolunye zihlala zithintela ukwakheka kwezakhiwo ezixananazileyo zemicellar, kufuneke kusetyenziswe izilungisi zerheological.
Isodium methyl cocoyl taurate (SMCT; UNCUMA:
I-CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCS(=O)(=O)O[Na]) yi-anionic surfactant eyenziwe njengetyuwa yesodium ngokudityaniswa kwe-amide ye-N-methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) kunye nekhonkco le-acid ephuma kwikhokhonathi. I-SMCT ineqela lentloko le-amide elidityaniswe ne-amide ecaleni kweqela elinamandla le-anionic sulfonate, liyenza ikwazi ukubola kwaye ihambelane ne-pH yolusu, eyibeka njengomgqatswa othembisayo kwimixube engena-sulfate. Ii-surfactants ze-Taurate ziphawulwa kukucoceka kwazo okunamandla, ukomelela kwamanzi anzima, ubulali, kunye nokuzinza okubanzi kwe-pH.
Iiparamitha zeRheological, kubandakanya i-shear viscosity, i-viscoelastic moduli, kunye noxinzelelo lwesivuno, zibaluleke kakhulu ekumiseleni uzinzo, ukuthungwa, kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso ezisekwe kwi-surfactant. Ngokomzekelo, i-viscosity ye-shear ephakamileyo inokuphucula ukugcinwa kwe-substrate, ngelixa uxinzelelo lwesivuno lulawula ukubambelela kolusu okanye iinwele emva kokufakwa kwesicelo. Ezi mpawu zerheological ze-macroscopic zihlengahlengiswa zizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya ukugxininiswa kwe-surfactant, i-pH, ubushushu, kunye nobukho bezinto ezinyibilikayo okanye izongezo. Ii-surfactants ezichaseneyo zinokuthi zingene kwiinguqu ezahlukeneyo ze-microstructural, ukusuka kwii-micelles ezingqukuva kunye ne-vesicles ukuya kwizigaba zekristale zolwelo, ezithi, zona, zichaphazele ngokunzulu isambuku serheology. Imixube yee-amphoteric kunye ne-anionic surfactants ikholisa ukwenza ii-elongated micelles njengeentshulube (WLMs), eziphucula ngokubonakalayo iimpawu ze-viscoelastic. Ukuqonda ubudlelwane be-microstructure-proparty, ngoko ke, kubalulekile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwemveliso.
Uphononongo oluninzi lovavanyo luphande iinkqubo zokubini ezifanayo, ezinje ngeCAPB-SLES, ukucacisa isiseko semicrostructural yeepropathi zabo. Ngokomzekelo, uMitrinova et al. [13] isayizi ye-micelle ehambelanayo (i-hydrodynamic radius) kunye ne-viscosity yesisombululo kwi-CAPB-SLES-medium-chain-chain co-surfactant imixube esebenzisa i-rheometry kunye ne-dynamic light scattering (DLS). I-rheometry yoomatshini ibonelela ngokuqonda kwi-microstructural evolution yale mixube kwaye inokongezwa yi-optical microrheology isebenzisa i-diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) eyandisa i-domain ye-frequency efikelelekayo, ithatha amandla exesha elifutshane ahambelana ngokukodwa neenkqubo zokuphumla ze-WLM. KwiMicrorheology ye-DWS, isikwere esiphakathi sokufuduswa kwe-colloidal probes egxininisiweyo ilandelwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, ivumela ukutsalwa kwe-linear viscoelastic moduli yesiphakathi esijikelezileyo ngobudlelwane obuqhelekileyo be-Stokes-Einstein. Obu buchule bufuna iisampulu ezincinci kuphela kwaye luncedo ekufundeni ulwelo oluntsonkothileyo kunye nobukho bemathiriyeli enyiniweyo, umz. amayeza asekelwe kwiprotheyini. Uhlalutyo lwe < Δr²(t)> yedatha ngapha kwe-spectra ebanzi ejikelezayo ilungiselela uqikelelo lweparamitha zemicellar ezinje ngobungakanani bemesh, ubude bokubhijela, ubude obuzingisileyo, kunye nobude becontour. U-Amin et al ubonise ukuba imixube ye-CAPB-SLES ihambelana noqikelelo lwethiyori kaCates, ebonisa ukonyuka okucacileyo kwe-viscosity kunye nokongeza ityuwa de ityuwa ebaluleke kakhulu, ngaphaya kwayo i-viscosity yehla ngokukhawuleza-impendulo eqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo ze-WLM u-Xu kunye no-Amin basebenzise i-rheometry yomatshini kunye ne-DWS ukuhlola impendulo ye-SLES-CAPB , i-CCBdic yokuphendula i-SLES-CAPB-i-CCBdic Ulwakhiwo lwe-WLM olubambeneyo, oluthe lwaqinisekiswa ngakumbi ziiparamitha ze-microstructural ezithathwe kwimilinganiselo ye-DWS. Ukwakha phezu kwezi ndlela, uphononongo lwangoku ludibanisa irheometry yoomatshini kunye ne-DWS microrheology ukucacisa indlela uhlengahlengiso lwe-microstructural oluqhuba ngayo ukuziphatha kwe-chear ye-CAPB-SMCT imixube.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimfuno ekhulayo yee-arhente zokucoca ezithambileyo nezizinzileyo, ukuphononongwa kwe-sulfate-free anionic surfactants kuye kwafumana amandla nangona imingeni yokwenziwa. Uyilo olwahlukileyo lwemolekyuli yeenkqubo ezingenasulfate zihlala zivelisa iiprofayili ezahlukeneyo zerheological, ezintsonkothileyo izicwangciso eziqhelekileyo zokuphucula i-viscosity ezifana netyuwa okanye ukujiya kwepolymeric. Ngokomzekelo, uYork et al. iphonononge ezinye iindlela ezingezizo zesulfate ngokuphanda ngokucwangcisiweyo ugwebu kunye neempawu zerheological zemixube yokubini kunye ne-ternary surfactant equkethe i-alkyl olefin sulfonate (AOS), i-alkyl polyglucoside (APG), kunye ne-lauryl hydroxysultaine. Umlinganiselo we-1:1 we-AOS-sultaine ubonise ukuchetywa kwe-chear kunye neempawu zogwebu ezifana ne-CAPB-SLES, ebonisa ukusekwa kwe-WLM. URajput et al. [26] ivavanye enye i-sulfate-free anionic surfactant, i-sodium cocoyl glycinate (SCGLY), ecaleni kwe-nonionic co-surfactants (i-cocamide diethanolamine kunye ne-lauryl glucoside) nge-DLS, i-SANS, kunye ne-rheometry. Nangona i-SCGLY iyodwa yenze ii-micelles ezingqukuva ubukhulu becala, udibaniso lwe-co-surfactant lwenza ulwakhiwo lwe-micellar morphologies entsonkothileyo, ekwaziyo ukumodareyitha eqhutywa yi-pH.
Ngaphandle kwezi nkqubela phambili, uphando oluthelekisayo lujolise kwiimpawu zerheological ezizinzileyo ze-sulfate-free systems ezibandakanya iCAPB kunye neetaurates. Olu phononongo lujolise ekuzaliseni esi sikhewu ngokubonelela ngophawu lokuqala olucwangcisiweyo lwe-rheological lwenkqubo yokubini yeCAPB–SMCT. Ngokwahluka ngokucwangcisiweyo kokwakheka kwe-surfactant, i-pH, kunye namandla e-ionic, sicacisa izinto ezilawula i-shear viscosity kunye ne-viscoelasticity. Ukusebenzisa i-rheometry yomatshini kunye ne-DWS microrheology, silinganisa uhlengahlengiso lwe-microstructural ephantsi kokuziphatha kwe-chear ye-CAPB-SMCT imixube. Ezi ziphumo zicacisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-pH, i-CAPB-SMCT ratio, kunye namanqanaba e-ionic ekukhuthazeni okanye ekuvimbeleni ukusekwa kwe-WLM, ngaloo ndlela inikezela ngengqiqo ebonakalayo ekulungiseni iiprofayili zerheological yeemveliso ezizinzileyo ezisekelwe kwi-surfactant kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-05-2025