Ngowama-2025, ishishini lokugquma liyakhawuleza ukufikelela kwiinjongo ezimbini "zotshintsho oluhlaza" kunye "nokuphucula ukusebenza." Kwiinkalo zokugquma eziphezulu ezifana nokuhamba kweemoto kunye noololiwe, ukugquma kwamanzi kuye kwavela "kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo" ukuya "kwiindlela eziqhelekileyo" ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwazo okuphantsi kwe-VOC, ukhuseleko, kunye nokungabi natyhefu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeemeko ezinzima zokusetyenziswa (umz., ukufuma okuphezulu kunye nokugqwala okunamandla) kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zabasebenzisi zokuqina kunye nokusebenza kokugquma, ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kwiingubo ze-polyurethane ezigquma emanzini (WPU) kuyaqhubeka ngokukhawuleza. Ngowama-2025, uphuhliso lweshishini ekwenzeni ngcono ifomula, ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali, kunye noyilo olusebenzayo luye lwafaka amandla amatsha kweli candelo.
Ukuzinzisa Inkqubo Esisiseko: Ukusuka “kwi-Ratio Tuning” ukuya “kwi-Performance Balance”
Njenge "nkokeli yokusebenza" phakathi kweengubo zamanzi ezikhoyo ngoku, i-polyurethane yamanzi enamacandelo amabini (WB 2K-PUR) ijongene nomngeni ophambili: ukulinganisela umlinganiselo kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo ze-polyol. Kulo nyaka, amaqela ophando enze uphando olunzulu malunga nemiphumo yokusebenzisana kwe-polyether polyol (PTMEG) kunye ne-polyester polyol (P1012).
Ngokwesiko, i-polyester polyol iphucula amandla oomatshini okugquma kunye noxinano ngenxa yeebhondi zehydrogen eziphakathi kweemolekyuli, kodwa ukongezwa okugqithisileyo kunciphisa ukumelana namanzi ngenxa ye-hydrophilicity enamandla yamaqela e-ester. Uvavanyo luqinisekisile ukuba xa i-P1012 ibala i-40% (g/g) yenkqubo ye-polyol, "ibhalansi yegolide" iyafezekiswa: iibhondi ze-hydrogen zonyusa uxinano lwe-crosslink ebonakalayo ngaphandle kwe-hydrophilicity engaphezulu, okuphucula ukusebenza okubanzi kwebhondi—kubandakanya ukumelana netyuwa, ukumelana namanzi, kunye namandla okutsalwa. Esi sigqibo sinika isikhokelo esicacileyo soyilo lwefomula olusisiseko lwe-WB 2K-PUR, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezifana ne-chassis yeemoto kunye neenxalenye zesinyithi zezithuthi zikaloliwe ezifuna zombini ukusebenza koomatshini kunye nokumelana nokugqwala.
"Ukudibanisa Ukuqina Nokuguquguquka": Ukuguqulwa Kweekhemikhali Kuvula Imida Emitsha Esebenzayo
Nangona ukulungiswa kwemilinganiselo esisiseko "kukulungelelaniswa okuhle," ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali kubonisa "ukunyuka komgangatho" kwi-polyurethane eqhutywa ngamanzi. Iindlela ezimbini zokuguqulwa zivelele kulo nyaka:
Indlela 1: Ukuphucula ukusebenzisana ngePolysiloxane kunye neTerpene Derivatives
Ukudibanisa i-polysiloxane yamandla aphantsi (PMMS) kunye ne-hydrophobic terpene derivatives kunika i-WPU iipropati ezimbini ze-"superhydrophobicity + high rigidity." Abaphandi balungiselele i-hydroxyl-terminated polysiloxane (PMMS) besebenzisa i-3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane kunye ne-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, emva koko bafaka i-isobornyl acrylate (i-derivative ye-biomass-derived camphene) kwiityathanga ze-PMMS nge-UV-initiated thiol-ene click reaction ukuze benze i-terpene-based polysiloxane (PMMS-I).
I-WPU eguquliweyo ibonise uphuculo olumangalisayo: i-engile yokunxibelelana kwamanzi anganyakaziyo inyuke ukusuka kwi-70.7° ukuya kwi-101.2° (isondela kwi-superhydrophobicity efana ne-lotus leaf), ukufunxwa kwamanzi kwehle ukusuka kwi-16.0% ukuya kwi-6.9%, kwaye amandla okutsalwa anyuke ukusuka kwi-4.70MPa ukuya kwi-8.82MPa ngenxa yesakhiwo sendandatho ye-terpene eqinileyo. Uhlalutyo lwe-thermogravimetric lukwabonakalise uzinzo oluphuculweyo lobushushu. Le teknoloji inika isisombululo esidibeneyo "esichasene nokungcola + esimelana nemozulu" kwiindawo zangaphandle zothutho lwesitimela ezifana neepaneli zophahla kunye neziketi ezisecaleni.
Indlela yesi-2: Ukuqhagamshelanisa ngePolyimine kuvumela iTekhnoloji "yokuziphilisa"
Ukuziphilisa kuye kwavela njengeteknoloji edumileyo kwiingubo, kwaye uphando lwalo nyaka luyidibanise nokusebenza koomatshini beWPU ukufezekisa impumelelo ephindwe kabini "kwikhono eliphezulu lokuziphilisa + ukuziphilisa." I-WPU edibeneyo eyenziwe nge-polybutylene glycol (PTMG), i-isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), kunye ne-polyimine (PEI) njenge-crosslinker ibonise iimpawu ezimangalisayo zoomatshini: amandla okuxinana e-17.12MPa kunye nokwandiswa xa ikhefu liyi-512.25% (phantse kukuguquguquka kwerabha).
Okubalulekileyo kukuba, iyaziphilisa ngokupheleleyo kwiiyure ezingama-24 kwi-30°C—iphinda ibuyele kwi-3.26MPa amandla okutsalwa kunye nokwandiswa kwe-450.94% emva kokulungiswa. Oku kuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezikrwelekayo ezifana neebhampa zeemoto kunye neendawo zangaphakathi zokuthutha oololiwe, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokulungisa.
"Ulawulo olukrelekrele lweNanoscale": "Uguquko loMphezulu" lweZigqubuthelo ezichasene nokungcola
Ukungasebenzisi igraffiti kunye nokucocwa okulula zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwiingubo eziphezulu. Kulo nyaka, i-coating enganyangekiyo (NP-GLIDE) esekelwe kwi-"liquid-like PDMS nanopools" itsale ingqalelo. Umgaqo wayo ophambili ubandakanya ukuxhunyelelwa kwe-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ecaleni kwi-polyol backbone esasazeka ngamanzi nge-graft copolymer polyol-g-PDMS, okwenza "ii-nanopools" ezincinci kune-30nm ububanzi.
Ukutyetyiswa kwe-PDMS kwezi nanopools kunika ulwelo umphezulu "ofana nolwelo" - zonke ezi zilwelo zokuvavanya ezinoxinzelelo lomphezulu olungaphezulu kwe-23mN/m (umz., ikofu, amabala eoyile) ziyashelela ngaphandle kokushiya amanqaku. Nangona ubunzima be-3H (busondele kwiglasi eqhelekileyo), ulwelo lugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokulwa nokungcola.
Ukongeza, kwacetyiswa icebo lokulwa negraffiti "elinomqobo womzimba + ukucoca okuncinci": ukungenisa i-IPDI trimer kwi-polyisocyanate esekwe kwi-HDT ukuphucula uxinano lwefilimu nokuthintela ukungena kwegraffiti, ngelixa kulawulwa ukufuduka kwamacandelo e-silicone/fluorine ukuqinisekisa amandla aphantsi omphezulu ahlala ixesha elide. Idityaniswe ne-DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) yokulawula uxinano oluchanekileyo lwe-crosslink kunye ne-XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) yokuchonga ukufuduka kwe-interface, le teknoloji ilungele ukwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ibe yindlela entsha yokulwa nokungcola kwipeyinti yeemoto kunye neekhasethi zemveliso ze-3C.
Isiphelo
Ngowama-2025, iteknoloji yokugquma yeWPU isuka "ekuphuculeni ukusebenza okukodwa" ukuya "ekudibaniseni imisebenzi emininzi." Nokuba kungokwenziwa ngcono kwefomyula esisiseko, ukuphumelela kokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali, okanye uyilo olutsha olusebenzayo, ingqiqo ephambili ijikeleza ekusebenzisaneni "nobuhlobo bendalo" kunye "nokusebenza okuphezulu." Kumashishini afana nokuhamba kweemoto kunye noololiwe, olu phuculo lwetekhnoloji alupheleli nje ekwandiseni ubomi bokugquma kwaye lunciphise iindleko zokugcinwa kodwa lukwaqhuba ukuphuculwa kabini "kwimveliso eluhlaza" kunye "namava omsebenzisi aphezulu."
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-14-2025