Acetic acidngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ACOH, ebizwa ngokuba yeyona nto iphambili kwiviniga, kwaye yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-fatty acids.Uhlobo lwenkululeko kwindalo lukho ngokubanzi kwizityalo ezininzi.Imolekyuli CH3COOH.Ukwenziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweviniga kunembali yamawaka eminyaka.Kwi-China yamandulo, yabhalwa kwiviniga.Kodwa i-acetic acid egxininisiweyo yayiyimpumelelo ye-Chemicalbook eyaphuhliswa ngu-Stahl ngo-1700. I-acetic acid ecocekileyo ilulwelo olungenambala kwaye lunomdla ocaphukisayo.Iqondo lokunyibilika liyi-16.6 ° C, indawo yokubilisa yi-117.9 ° C, kwaye ukuxinana kwe-1.049 (20/4 ° C).Inyibilika emanzini, i-ethanol, i-glycerin, i-ether kunye ne-carbon chloride;enganyibilikiyo kwi-carbonide.Iikhrikethi zasemanzini ezingenamanzi zijiyile zibe yi-ice-shaped, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ice acetic acid.Eyothusayo.Ibuthakathaka kunye ne-asidi ephilayo, i-asidi ye-asidi, kwaye inokubangela ukusabela kwe-esterization ngotywala.
Iimpawu zemichiza:Acetic acid(AcOH) yi-mono-weak carboxylic acid.Ineempawu zeempawu ze-carboxylic acid.Isebenza kunye neentsimbi ezithile, ii-oxide zetsimbi kunye ne-hydroxides ukwenza iityuwa.Uninzi lwee-acetic acids zinosetyenziso olubalulekileyo.I-acetate esisiseko ye-ferric [Fe (C2H3OO) 6OH (OOCCH3)2] kunye ne- [Fe3 (C2H3OO) 6 (OH) 2 (OOCCH3)] kunye ne-acetate ehamba phambili yayisetyenziswa njenge-mordant, kwaye i-acetate ye-ferrous yayisetyenziselwa ukuprinta.I-acetic acid kunye ne-alcohol ziye zaqiniswa.I-Esterification inokuthi iqhutywe kunye ne-unsaturated hydrocarbon phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst.I-Alpha-hydrogen inokutshintshwa yi-halogens;Kwaye i-formaldehyde phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst, kwi-Chemicalbook line ye-alcohol aldehyde condensation;Xa i-asidi ye-nitric ifakwe kwi-acetic acid, izinga le-nitrating lingaphuculwa.Ukusabela nge-benzoyl chloride, i-acetyl chloride kunye ne-benzoic acid inokwakheka.I-acetic acid ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezibalulekileyo, ezifana ne-methyl acetate, i-ethyl ester, i-propyl ester, i-butyl ester, njl., i-solvent egqwesileyo kwi-coating and paint industry.I-cellulose acetate, eveliswa ngokusebenzisana kwe-acetic anhydride kunye ne-cellulose, ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ifilimu, ipeyinti yokutshiza kunye neeplastiki ezahlukeneyo.I-Carboxymethyl cellulose inokulungiswa nge-chloroacetic acid.I-vinyl acetate eveliswa yi-acetic acid kunye ne-acetylene yinto ebalulekileyo ekrwada yokwenziwa kweziyobisi, idayi kunye neziqholo, kunye ne-solvent ebalulekileyo yonyango lwe-rubber.I-Acetic acid idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yezoshishino kunye ne-organic synthesis.
Indawo yosetyenziso
Ukusetyenziswa kwamashishini
1. Acetic acidyimveliso yeekhemikhali enkulu kwaye yenye yezona asidi ezibalulekileyo eziphilayo.Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuvelisa i-ethidine, i-ethyls kunye ne-ethyl acetate.I-polyetate ethyl ester inokwenziwa ifilimu kunye ne-adhesive, kwaye iphinde ibe yimathiriyeli ekrwada ye-synthetic fiber Velun.I-Ethyl acetic acid cellulose inokwenza isilika eyenziweyo kunye neefilimu zefilimu.
2. I-ethyl acetate eyenziwe yi-alcohol ye-low-grade i-solvent egqwesileyo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lepeyinti.Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo ezinyibilikisa i-acetic acid, i-acetic acid isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-solvents eziphilayo (umzekelo, ukuveliswa kwe-phenyl acidic acidic acid acid).
3. I-acetic acid ingasetyenziswa kwezinye izisombululo ezivutshiweyo kunye nezikhazimlisiweyo, njenge-buffer (efana ne-galvanizing kunye ne-chemical nickel plating) kwisisombululo se-asidi esibuthathaka, ukongeza izongezo kwi-hemuminal ekhanyayo ye-nickel-plated electrolyte, kunye nokugqithiswa kwe-zinc kunye ne-cadmium. isisombululo sinokuphucula amandla okubopha ifilimu ye-passivation kwaye ihlala isetyenziselwa ukulawula i-pH ye-acidic plating ebuthathaka.
4. Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ityuwa yesinyithi, efana ne-manganese, i-sodium, i-lead, i-aluminium, i-zinc, i-cobalt kunye nezinye izinyithi, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-catalysts, ukudaya kwelaphu kunye namashishini okugcoba kwesikhumba.I-Fouritic acid lead yi-organic synthetic reagent (efana ne-tetraitic acid lead ingasetyenziswa njenge-oxidant eyomeleleyo, umthombo we-acetyl oxygen, kunye nokulungiselela i-organic lead compounds, njl. njl.).
5. I-Acetic acid ingasetyenziselwa njengeejenti zokuhlalutya, i-organic synthesis, i-pigment kunye neyeza.
Ukusetyenziswa kokutya
Kwishishini lokutya,iacetic acidisetyenziswa njenge arhente acidified.Xa i-agent ye-fragrance kunye ne-spice isetyenziselwa ukwenza iviniga yokwenziwa, i-acetic acid ihlanjululwe kwi-4-5%, kwaye iindidi ezahlukeneyo zongezwa.Ngexabiso eliphantsi.Njenge-acid-flavored agent, ingasetyenziselwa i-seasonings edibeneyo.Kulungiselelwe ukusebenzisa iviniga, iitoti, ijeli kunye noshizi.Unako kwakhona ukuqamba ii-agent zevumba nge-0.1 ～ 0.3 g/kg.
Ukugcinwa kunye nokuthutha
Amanyathelo okugcina: Gcina kwindawo epholileyo, nengena umoya.Zigcine kude nomlilo nobushushu.Ebusika, ubushushu bokugcina kufuneka bugcinwe ngaphezulu kwe-16℃ ukunqanda ukuqina.Gcina isitya sivaliwe.Kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidant kunye ne-alkali, kwaye akufanele ixutywe.Izibane ezikhusela uqhushumbo kunye nezixhobo zokungenisa umoya ziyamkelwa.Musa ukusebenzisa izixhobo zoomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezithanda ukuba yintlantsi.Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo oluvuzayo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokubamba.
Imiqathango yothutho: Le mveliso iya kuthunyelwa ngeemoto zetanki ze-aluminium ezibonelelwe ngamashishini e-aluminium ngexesha lothutho lukaloliwe, kwaye imvume yamasebe afanelekileyo iya kuxelwa phambi kokuthunyelwa.Ukuthuthwa kukaloliwe ongekho ekhenkceni kuya kuqhutywa ngokungqongqo ngokuhambelana nempahla eyingozi yoluhlu lokupakisha "kwiMithetho yoThutho lweeNdawo ezinobungozi" yoMphathiswa wezoLoliwe.Ukupakishwa kufuneka kugqitywe kwaye ukulayishwa kufuneka kukhuseleke.Ngexesha lokuthuthwa, qinisekisa ukuba isitya asivuzi, sidilika, siwe okanye sonakaliswe.I-trough (itanki) imoto esetyenziselwa ukuthutha kufuneka ibe nekhonkco lokumisa, kwaye isahlulo somngxuma sinokulungiswa kwi-trough ukunciphisa umbane ongatshintshiyo oveliswa ngumothuko.Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuxuba kunye ne-oxidant, alkali kunye neekhemikhali ezidliwayo.Uthutho lwendlela kufuneka lulandele indlela emiselweyo, musa ukuhlala kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye neendawo ezixineneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-23-2023