I-acetic acidyaziwa kakhulu ngokuba yi-ACOH, ebizwa ngokuba sisithako esiphambili seviniga, kwaye yenye yezona asidi zibalulekileyo zamafutha. Uhlobo lwe-free kwindalo luhlala lukho kwizityalo ezininzi. I-Molecular CH3COOH. Ukwenziwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweviniga kunembali yamawaka eminyaka. KwiTshayina yamandulo, yabhalwa kwiviniga. Kodwa i-concentrated acetic acid yayiyiChemicalbook ephumeleleyo eyaphuhliswa nguStahl ngo-1700. I-acetic acid ecocekileyo lulwelo olungenambala kwaye lunencasa ecaphukisayo. Iqondo lokunyibilika yi-16.6 ° C, iqondo lokubila yi-117.9 ° C, kwaye uxinano oluhambelanayo yi-1.049 (20/4 ° C). Inyibilika emanzini, kwi-ethanol, kwi-glycerin, kwi-ether nakwi-carbon chloride; ayinyibiliki kwi-carbonide. Iikriketi zasemanzini ezingenamanzi zixinene zibe yi-ice-shaped, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ice acetic acid. Iyabola. Ibuthathaka kwaye yi-organic acid, i-acidity ye-asidi, kwaye inokubangela ukusabela kwe-esterization kunye notywala.
Iimpawu zekhemikhali:I-acetic acid(AcOH) yi-carboxylic acid ebuthathaka kakhulu. Ineempawu ezibonakalayo ze-carboxylic acids. Isabela kwiimetal ezithile, ii-metal oxides kunye nee-hydroxides ukwenza iityuwa. Ii-acetic acids ezininzi zinomsebenzi obalulekileyo. I-acetate ye-ferric esisiseko [Fe(C2H3OO)6OH(OOCCH3)2] kunye ne-[Fe3(C2H3OO)6(OH)2(OOCCH3)] kunye ne-lead acetate zisetyenziswe njenge-mordant, kwaye i-acetate ye-ferrous yasetyenziswa ukuprinta. I-acetic acid kunye notywala zaqinisekiswa. I-esterification inokwenziwa ne-unsaturated hydrocarbon phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst. I-Alpha-hydrogen inokutshintshwa zii-halogens; Kwaye i-formaldehyde phantsi kwesenzo se-catalyst, ibe kumgca weChemicalbook we-alcohol aldehyde condensation; Xa i-nitric acid ifakwa kwi-acetic acid, izinga le-nitrating linokuphuculwa. Isabela kwi-benzoyl chloride, i-acetyl chloride kunye ne-benzoic acid zinokwenziwa. I-acetic acid ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezibalulekileyo ezifumanekayo, ezifana ne-methyl acetate, i-ethyl ester, i-propyl ester, i-butyl ester, njl.njl., sisinyibilikisi esibalaseleyo kwishishini lokugquma nokupenda. I-cellulose acetate, eveliswa kukudibana kwe-acetic anhydride kunye ne-cellulose, ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ifilimu, ipeyinti yokutshiza kunye neeplastiki ezahlukeneyo. I-carboxymethyl cellulose ingalungiswa yi-chloroacetic acid. I-vinyl acetate eveliswa yi-acetic acid kunye ne-acetylene sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokwenziwa kwamayeza, iidayi kunye neziqholo, kunye nesinyibilikisi esibalulekileyo sonyango lwerabha. I-acetic acid idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo.
Intsimi yesicelo
Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso
1. I-acetic acidyimveliso enkulu yeekhemikhali kwaye yenye yezona asidi zibalulekileyo ze-organic. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukuvelisa i-ethidine, i-ethyls kunye ne-ethyl acetate. I-polyetate ethyl ester ingenziwa ifilimu kunye ne-adhesive, kwaye ikwayinto eluhlaza yokwenza i-synthetic fiber Velun. I-ethyl acetic acid cellulose inokwenza iifilimu zesilika kunye neefilimu zokwenziwa.
2. I-ethyl acetate eyenziwe yi-alcohol ekumgangatho ophantsi sisinyibilikisi esibalaseleyo kwaye sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lokupenda. Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo ezinyibilikisa i-acetic acid, i-acetic acid ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-organic solvents (umzekelo, ukuvelisa i-phenyl acidic acid acidic acid acid).
3. I-Acetic acid ingasetyenziswa kwizisombululo ezithile ezicoliweyo nezicoliweyo, njenge-buffer (ezifana ne-galvanizing kunye ne-chemical nickel plating) kwisisombululo se-weak acid, ukongeza izongezo kwi-hemuminal bright nickel-plated electrolyte, kunye ne-passivation ye-zinc kunye ne-cadmium. Isisombululo sinokuphucula amandla okubopha kwifilimu ye-passivation kwaye sihlala sisetyenziselwa ukulawula i-pH ye-weak acidic plating.
4. Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ityuwa yesinyithi, efana ne-manganese, i-sodium, i-lead, i-aluminium, i-zinc, i-cobalt kunye nezinye iintsimbi, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu njengee-catalysts, i-lap dyeing kunye ne-leather tanning industry. I-Fouritic acid lead yi-organic synthetic reagent (efana ne-tetraitic acid lead ingasetyenziswa njenge-oxidant enamandla, umthombo we-acetyl oxygen, kunye nokulungiselela ii-organic lead compounds, njl.njl.).
5. I-Acetic acid ingasetyenziswa njengee-reagents zohlalutyo, ukwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo, i-pigment kunye nokwenziwa kwamayeza.
Ukusetyenziswa kokutya
Kwishishini lokutya,i-acetic acidisetyenziswa njenge-arhente equlethe i-asidi. Xa i-agent yevumba kunye neziqholo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iviniga yokwenziwa, i-acetic acid ixutywa ibe yi-4-5%, kwaye kongezwa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeencasa. Ixabiso liphantsi. Njenge-arhente enencasa ye-asidi, ingasetyenziselwa izinongo ezidityanisiweyo. Ilungiselelwe ukusebenzisa iviniga, iitini, ijeli kunye netshizi. Ungenza nee-agent zevumba ezine-0.1 ～ 0.3 g/kg.
Ukugcina kunye nokuthuthwa
Amanyathelo okugcina: Gcina kwindawo yokugcina izinto epholileyo, enomoya opholileyo. Gcina kude nomlilo nobushushu. Ebusika, ubushushu bokugcina kufuneka bugcinwe bungaphezulu kwe-16℃ ukuthintela ukuqina. Gcina isitya sivaliwe. Kufuneka sigcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidant kunye ne-alkali, kwaye akufuneki sixutywe. Izixhobo zokukhanyisa kunye nokungenisa umoya ezithintela ukuqhuma ziyasetyenziswa. Musa ukusebenzisa izixhobo zoomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezinokubangela i-spark. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo oluvuzayo kunye nezinto ezifanelekileyo zokubamba.
Amanyathelo okhuseleko lokuhamba: Le mveliso iya kuthunyelwa ziimoto zetanki ze-aluminium ezibonelelwa ngamashishini e-aluminium ngexesha lokuhamba ngololiwe, kwaye imvume yamasebe afanelekileyo iya kuxelwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Ukuthuthwa ngololiwe okungenazitoti kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuhambelana ngqo noluhlu lokupakisha iimpahla eziyingozi kwi-"Dangerous Goods Transportation Rules" yeSebe lezoThutho. Ukupakishwa kufuneka kugqitywe kwaye umthwalo kufuneka ukhuseleke. Ngexesha lokuthuthwa, qiniseka ukuba isikhongozeli asivuzi, asiwi, asiwi okanye sonakalise. Imoto yetanki esetyenziswa ekuthuthweni kufuneka ibe nekhonkco lokumisa umhlaba, kwaye ukwahlulahlula umngxuma kunokulungiswa kwitanki ukunciphisa umbane ongashukumiyo oveliswa kukutshayiswa. Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuxuba neekhemikhali ezinobungozi, i-alkali kunye neekhemikhali ezityiwayo. Ukuthuthwa kwendlela kufuneka kulandele indlela emiselweyo, ungahlali kwiindawo zokuhlala nezinabantu abaninzi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-23-2023